structure in a plant or animal | Object or place made of {prev}

antheridium | ascidium | basidium | clostridium | coccidium | conidium | ctenidium | glochidium | hypobasidium | iridium | metanephridium

propidium | antheridium | Plagiochilidium

Latin -idium, neuter singular suffix forming nouns from Greek -idion or Latin roots, denoting a small thing or result of an action


idles | idler | idled | idlers | idleth | nonidle


image | representation | object of veneration

idols | idolize | idolish | idolism | idolous | idolist


idyll | pastoral scene | peaceful retreat

idylls | idyllic | idyllist | idyllics | idyllian | idyllists


derivational suffix affix bound morpheme

noun | verb | adjective | interjection | 0

diminutive | a little specimen | version / a person | object connected with the first element | an informal version of the action denoted by the first element | an informal or childlike version of the description denoted by the first element | a name for a person/object characterized by what is denoted by the first element | a person/object characterized by what is denoted by the first element | a light-hearted or less serious instance of the interjection denoted by the first element | a familiar version of the name denoted by the first element | a familiar version of the parent noun denoted by the first element | an informal | familiar usage | a little or dear little specimen/version of the entity denoted | or a person/object that is connected with the entity denoted | a familiar version of the name denoted | a little specimen/version / a person | little | form noun

doggy, kitty, puppy, bunny, ducky, bobby, terry, daisy, lily, rosy

ies | owie | usie | bogie | outie | innie

prob. modelled orig. upon... Old French (Davi | Mathé)... | which have the appearance of being pet forms | OED: -y | -ie | suffix6 | Stein -ie | -y4 | -ey | no truncation | truncation | metonymic | parent nouns | origin unknown


Old English -ed suffix used to form the past tense


indication | kind of agent | form adjective

ambient | ancient | coefficient | convenient | ebullient | gradient | lenient | obedient | quotient | recipient | salient | sapient | sentient | transient

Latin -iens, -ientis, present participle suffix of verbs in -ire (from Proto-Indo-European *-yeh₂nt-)


derivational | derivational suffix affix bound morpheme

individual whose profession relates to the meaning of the first element | one who performs actions related to | someone involved in matters pertaining to

hosier | dandier | hosiers | spurrier | grenadier | brigadier

From Latin -arius (adjective suffix) via Old French -ier, denoting a person associated with or engaged in a specific trade or activity.


flies | cries | tries | skies | fries | sties

Old English third-person singular present marker -eð / -þ


attribute | circumstance | status of being associated with the meaning of the preceding element

From Latin -itas (genitive -itatis), a suffix forming abstract nouns from adjectives, via Old French -ité.


iffy | endif | iffily | endifs | iffiness

Old English 'if' (conjunction), from Proto-Germanic *ib, *iba, related to 'by' and 'when'.


From Latin -ifer, from ferre 'to bear, carry'


Latin -icium, from -icus (adjectival suffix) + -ium (noun-forming suffix), ultimately from Greek -ikos


do, make, shape, fashion, face, form, figure, effect, noun of action or associated state

affair | affect | affectation | amplify | artifact | artifice | benefactor | benefice | benefit | confection | counterfeit | defeat | defect | disaffect | edifice | effect | effectible | effection | effective | effectivity | effector | effectual | effectuality | effectuate | effectuation | efficacious | efficacity | efficacy | efficiency | efficient | enface | enfacement | facade/façade | face | facet | facette | facial | faciend | facient | facile | facilitate | facilitation | facilitative | facilitator | facilitatory | facility | facinorous | facsimile | fact | faction | factional | factionary | factious | factitious | factor | factorable | factorial | factory | factotum | factual | fake | fashion | feasible | feat | feature | feckless | fiat | forfeit | infect | inofficious | interoffice | laissez-faire | malefaction | manufacture | modify | nonofficial | office | official | officiant | officiary | officiate | officious | olfaction | omnificence | omnificent | parfait | perfect | perfecta | perfectibility | perfectible | perfection | perfective | perfector | pluperfect | prefect | prefectural | prefecture | prequalification | proficiency | proficient | profit | profitability | profitable | profiteer | profiterole | prolific | qualification | quasiperfect | rarefy | refactorable | refashion | refect | refection | refectory | reinfect | remanufacture | resurface | reunification | sacrifice | scientific | semelfactive | suboffice | subprefect | suffice | sufficiency | sufficient | superficial | superficiality | surface | surfeit | surficial | transfection | trifacial | trifecta | uniface | unifacial | unifactorial | unification | fiction | faint | feign | specific | benefaction | calefaction | dissatisfaction | liquefaction | patefaction | petrifaction | clarification | classification | codification

affair, affect, affectation, amplify, artifact, artifice, benefactor, benefice, benefit, confection, counterfeit, defeat, defect, disaffect, edifice, effect, effectible, effection, effective, effectivity, effector, effectual, effectuality, effectuate, effectuation, efficacious, efficacity, efficacy, efficiency, efficient, enface, enfacement, facade/façade, face, facet, facette, facial, faciend, facient, facile, facilitate, facilitation, facilitative, facilitator, facilitatory, facility, facinorous, facsimile, fact, faction, factional, factionary, factious, factitious, factor, factorable, factorial, factory, factotum, factual, fake, fashion, feasible, feat, feature, feckless, fiat, forfeit, infect, inofficious, interoffice, laissez-faire, malefaction, manufacture, modify, nonofficial, office, official, officiant, officiary, officiate, officious, olfaction, omnificence, omnificent, parfait, perfect, perfecta, perfectibility, perfectible, perfection, perfective, perfector, pluperfect, prefect, prefectural, prefecture, prequalification, proficiency, proficient, profit, profitability, profitable, profiteer, profiterole, prolific, qualification, quasiperfect, rarefy, refactorable, refashion, refect, refection, refectory, reinfect, remanufacture, resurface, reunification, sacrifice, scientific, semelfactive, suboffice, subprefect, suffice, sufficiency, sufficient, superficial, superficiality, surface, surfeit, surficial, transfection, trifacial, trifecta, uniface, unifacial, unifactorial, unification, fiction, faint, feign, scientific, specific, benefaction, calefaction, dissatisfaction, liquefaction, malefaction, olfaction, patefaction, petrifaction, clarification, classification, codification

sebific | pulsific | spumific | vaporific | spumifics | torporific


derivational suffix affix bound morpheme | derivation

edification | reification | modification | purification | verification | codification

From Latin -ficatio (stem -fication-), from facere 'to make, do'


amoral, atypical, anonymous, asymmetrical, atrophy

Greek privative prefix a- (before vowels) or an- (before consonants) meaning 'not, without'


possessing the structure or configuration indicated by the initial component

filiform | coliform | aquiform | cubiform | coniform | gasiform

from Latin -formis, from forma 'shape, figure'


transform into | cause to become | result in the state indicated by the root | lead to | apply the preceding action on

clarify | glorify | purify | satisfy | mollify | justify | simplify | magnify | liquefy | stupefy | transmogrify | pacify | petrify

codify | gasify | aurify | vinify | cutify | ethify

From Latin -ficare, frequentative of facere 'to make, do'


act | action | actor | agenda | agent | agile | agitate | ambiguous | castigate | cogent | cogitate | cogitation | excogitate | mitigate | navigate | activist | counteract | exact | reactionary | retroactive | transact | transaction | interaction | exigency | exigent | fumigate | intransigent | litigate | prodigal


igloos | pigloo | twigloo | pigloos | twigloos | igloolike


Latin ignorare 'to be ignorant of', from in- 'not' + gnarus 'knowing'


"not to know, to be unacquainted; mistake, misunderstand

ignore, ignorant, ignorance, ignoramous[59]


to disregard | to refuse to take notice of

ignored | ignores | ignorer | ignorers | ignorest | ignoreth


Greek eikos, eikōs 'in the same way, just as'


smaller form | a lesser instance of the first element's meaning

forming diminutives, corresp. to Middle Dutch -kijn, -ken OED


illabile | illabial | iomazenil | flumazenil | bretazenil

Latin suffix -ilis, from -ilis (adjectival suffix) + -us (neuter ending), ultimately from PIE *-lo- or *-lo- forming adjectives of capability or relation.


illegal, illegible, illegitimate, illogical, illuminate, illustrate

illegitimate | illogical | illegal | illiterate | illuminate | illusory | illustrate | import | incur | intend | invite | incantation | incarcerate | indoctrinate | induce | infect | influx | inundate | illicit | impossible | inarticulate | inexpensive | inimical | insane | irrational | ignore | ignorant | ignoble | indefinite | injustice | immortality | impatience | impractical | improbable | insatiable | invalid | inflammable

a-, an-, dys-, i-/im-/in-/ir-, mal-, non-, un-

From Latin il- | assimilated form of in- before l-. | variant of in1 before 'l' | 'il-' | prefix2 OED | variant of in2 before 'l' | prefix1 OED | in | in-


capable of | prone to | characterized by

docile | infantile | senile | juvenile | purile | missile

iles | penile | audile | audiles | neurile | centiles

From Latin -īle, from -īre (to go) + -bilis (able to be), originally forming adjectives denoting capability or tendency.


ileoanal | ileotomy | ileostomy | ileocolic | ileorenal | ileocecum


transiliac | sacroiliac | aortoiliac | interiliac | sacroiliacs | vertebroiliac


Greek eîdos 'form, shape' or eîdos 'song, poem', from aeídein 'to sing'


iliopsoas | iliocaval | iliotibial | iliolumbar | iliocostal | iliofemoral

Latin ilium 'ilium' (part of the hip bone)


From Latin -ilitas, formed from the suffix -ilis (capable of) + -tas (state/condition)


From Old English 'ilc' meaning 'same, identical', related to 'eal' (all). In modern English, it survives primarily in the phrase 'of ilk' or as a fossilized root in words like 'unlike' (not of the same kind).


a suffix conveying smallness | a morpheme expressing endearment

armadillo | bacillus | guerrilla | peccadillo | penicillin Variant Spellings: pencil | pencil

ills | illy | illth | nonill | illish | illness

Latin -illus, diminutive suffix derived from -ulus/-iculus


a large number (specifically 10^33 in the short scale or 10^48 in the long scale)

From Latin -iliardus, a variant of -iliard, derived from the base 'million' (mille) extended by the suffix -ard to denote a large power of a thousand.


Latin illicitus, from in- 'not' + licitus 'permitted', past participle of licere 'to be allowed'


a number of a certain magnitude | ten to the power of n

billion | gillion | billions | gillions | octillion | nonillion

Latin mille 'thousand' + suffix -ion (from Greek -iōn, forming abstract nouns or denominatives); the suffix -illion was coined in the 15th century by French mathematician Nicolas Chuquet as an extension of mille.


illumed | illumes | illumer | reillume | illumers | unillumed

Latin illuminare 'to light up', from in- 'in, on' + lumen 'light'


bacillus, streptobacillus, thiobacillus, villus


to make clear | to depict with pictures | to serve as an example

Latin illustratus, past participle of illustrare 'to illuminate, make clear', from illustrare 'to light up, illuminate', from in- 'on, upon' + lustrare 'to examine, purify by sacrifice', from lustrum 'purification sacrifice'


illustrate, illustration, illustriousness, reillustrate

illustriously | unillustrious | nonillustrious | illustriousness | unillustriously

Latin illustris 'shining, bright, famous', from illustrare 'to light up, illuminate'


forming an adverb | transforms into adverb

Old French -ive / -ive suffixing into -ily via -y


absence of | absence | lacking | devoid of | negation | not possessing | not exhibiting the trait of | denying | within | toward | into

impossible, imperfect, immobile, impatient, impartial

spim | IMer | spims | imperil | imbrute | imburse

Latin in- (variant of im- before labials) meaning 'not, into, toward'


forming the plural of the entity denoted by the fi

creating a plural form of the entity indicated by the initial component

etymology taken from 'seraphim', 'seraphin', n. OED inflectional


illuminate | import | incur | intend | invite | incantation | incarcerate | indoctrinate | induce | infect | influx | inundate


fortissimo, intimate, maximum, minimum, optimum, pessimism, pianissimo, prime, ultimate

Latin superlative suffix -issimus, derived from the PIE root *h₁es- 'to be' with the superlative suffix *-isto-


imager | imagen | images | imaged | imagery | imagers

Latin imagin- 'image, likeness', from imitari 'to imitate'


to form a mental image | to suppose | to visualize

imagination, imaginary, imaginative, unimaginable

imaginer | imaginers | unimagine | unimagined | unimagines | preimagine

Latin imaginari 'to form a picture, imagine', from imago 'image, likeness'


leader | guide | one who stands in front

imams | Imamate | imamate | imamates | imamship | imamships

Arabic imam (إمام) 'leader, guide', from q-w-m 'to stand'


Latin imbibere 'to drink in, soak up', from in- 'in' + bibere 'to drink'


ignimbrite | imbrex | imbricate | imbrication | imbriferous


imbrues | imbrued | imbruement | imbruements


imbued | imbues | imbuer | reimbue | imbueth | imbuers


Latin prefix in- (variant of im- before labials) meaning 'in, into, on'


Latin imido- (combining form of imide), from imide + -o- linking vowel


imitate | imitation | inimitable | imitative

Latin imitatus, past participle of imitari 'to imitate, copy'


immanently | immanentize | immanentist | immanentized | immanentizes | immanentists

Latin immanens, present participle of immanire 'to dwell in, inhabit', from in- 'in' + manere 'to remain, stay'


state of being immediate | nearness in time or space

Latin immedius 'immediate, next to', from in- 'in, on' + medius 'middle'


Latin immediatus, past participle of immediare 'to make immediate', from in- 'not' + medius 'middle'


Latin immensus 'boundless, infinite', from in- 'not' + mensus 'measured', past participle of metiri 'to measure'


Latin imminere 'to hang over, threaten', from in- 'on, upon' + minari 'to threaten'


to burn | to sacrifice | to consecrate by fire

from Latin immolatus, past participle of immolare 'to sacrifice', from in- 'on' + molere 'to grind' (referring to grinding sacrificial meal)


immunology | immunoglobulins | immunodeficiency

immunogen | immunoblot | immunogens | immunotype | immunobead | immunogene

From Greek 'immunos' meaning 'immune, exempt'


immured | immures | unimmured | bioimmure | immurement | bioimmures

Latin immurāre 'to wall in', from in- 'in' + murus 'wall'


impacts | impacted | impactor | impacter | impacting | impactors

Latin impactus, past participle of impingere 'to strike against'


to charge with misconduct | to remove from office

impeacher | impeachers | impeaching | impeacheth | impeachest | impeachment

Latin impetere 'to attack, assault', from in- 'into' + petere 'to seek, aim at'


impeded | impedes | impeder | impeders | unimpeded | unimpededly

Latin impedire 'to hamper, entangle', from imp- (in) + ped 'foot'


Latin impellere 'to drive forward, urge on', from in- 'into, against' + pellere 'to drive, push'


imperative | imperial | imperious | imperium Variant Spellings: emperor | empire | emperor

comb of in- (in) + par4 / par (to prepare)

Latin imperare 'to command', from in- 'in, on' + parare 'to prepare, make ready'


Latin in- 'not' + permeabilis 'permeable'


acting | moving | without | thought | impulse

Latin impetuosus, from impetus 'rush, attack'


Latin impetus 'attack, impulse', from impetere 'to attack', from in- 'into' + petere 'to seek, aim at'


to encroach | to infringe | to make an impression

impinges | impinger | impinged | impingers | impingeth | impingement

Latin impingere 'to strike against, push into', from in- 'in, on' + pangere 'to fix, place'


not expressed | implied | understood without being stated

implicity | implicitly | implicitness | implicitnesses | implicitization | implicitizations

Latin implicitus, past participle of implicare 'to enfold, involve', from in- 'in' + plicare 'to fold'


Latin 'implicare' (to enfold, involve), from 'in-' (in) + 'plicare' (to fold)


import, importation, importer, importation

importers | reimports | importins | reimporter | unimported | importomes

Latin importare 'to carry in, bring in', from in- 'in' + portare 'to carry'


importuned | importunes | importuner | importunely | importuners | importuneth

Latin importunus 'unfavorable, inconvenient', from in- 'not' + portus 'harbor'


impostor | deceiver | one who assumes a false identity

impostor, impersonation, impersonate, imposture

From Latin 'impostor' (deceiver), from 'imponere' (to place upon, deceive), from 'in-' (on) + 'ponere' (to put).


to call down a curse | to revile | to invoke evil

Latin imprecari 'to curse, invoke evil', from in- 'upon' + precari 'to pray, entreat'


Latin imprimatur 'let it be printed', from imprimere 'to press upon'


improved | improves | improver | improvers | improveth | improvest

Latin 'improbus' (unbounded, wicked) < 'in-' (not) + 'probus' (good)


to create spontaneously | to perform without preparation

Latin improvisus 'unforeseen', from in- 'not' + provisa 'seen' (feminine past participle of providere 'to see ahead')


Latin impudentia, from impudens (imp- 'not' + pudens 'shameful')


Latin impudens (gen. impudentis) 'shameless', from in- 'not' + pudens 'shameful', from pudere 'to be ashamed'


imputes | imputed | imputer | imputers | imputeth | imputest

Latin imputare 'to charge to, attribute', from in- 'into' + putare 'to reckon, prune'


derivational prefix affix morpheme | This unit may target its effect at any unit in play.

inside | enclosed within | moving towards interior | act of placing within | direction towards | held within | indicating motion direction | interior | upon

Latin in- 'in, on, into' (from PIE *en 'in')

Cognatarium | MorphoQuantics | Wikipedia | https://www.ruf.rice.edu/~kemmer/Words04/ | http://leonsplanet.com/index.html | OED


illuminate, import, incur, intend, invite


derivational suffix affix bound morpheme | Derivational

Suina | Davina | Panina | Acarina | Tineina | Pierina

en | F-S-I simulative | mainly 1750s-on | E -like or -ling as adjective but cognate with -ing as noun or adjective

simulative, mainly 1750s-on; E -like or -ling as adjective but cognate with -ing as noun or adjective


Latin inanem (nominative inanis) meaning 'empty, void, worthless'


terminator, creator, calculator, innovator

Latin -ator, agent noun suffix derived from the past participle stem of verbs ending in -are (e.g., terminare -> terminator)


to glow | to shine brightly | to emit light

from Latin incandescere 'to become white-hot', from in- 'in' + candere 'to shine, glow'


Latin incendeo 'to set on fire', from in- 'into' + accendere 'to kindle'


incensed | incenses | incenser | incensers | unincensed | incensement

Latin incensus, past participle of incendere 'to set on fire'


Latin 'incentivus' (stimulating), from 'in-' (intensive) + 'citus' (past participle of 'cĭtāre' to set in motion, from 'cĭtō' to hasten)


sexual intercourse between close relatives | prohibited sexual relationship within a family | act of engaging in forbidden familial sexual relations

wincest | incests | twincest | incester | incestic | incestual

From Latin 'in-' (into) + 'cōnsanguīnus' (related by blood), meaning 'sexual intercourse with close relatives'.


Latin inchoatus, past participle of inchoare 'to begin', from in- 'in' + coepi 'began' (perfect of capio 'take')


Latin incedere 'to walk, go, advance', from in- 'in, on' + cedere 'to go, yield'


Latin incisus, past participle of incidere 'to cut into'


not | without | lacking | unable to communicate

communicate, communication, communicator, communicable, intercommunicate

Latin in- 'not' + communicatus, past participle of communicare 'to share, make common'


incubated | incubates | coincubate | reincubate | unincubated | coincubated

Latin incubatus, past participle of incubare 'to sit on, hatch', from in- 'on' + cubare 'to lie'


Latin incubus 'demon that lies upon (women at night)', from incubare 'to lie upon'


Latin incumbens, present participle of incumbere 'to lean upon, lie upon, occupy'


currently holding | existing in| occupying

incumbently | nonincumbent | subincumbent | incumbentess | nonincumbents

Latin incumbentem (nominative incumbens), present participle of incumbere 'to lean upon, lie upon, be occupied with', from in- 'on' + cumbere 'to lie'


to bring upon oneself | to experience | to sustain

incurs | reincur | incurred | reincurs | incurring | incurreth

Latin incurrere 'to run into, fall upon', from in- 'into' + currere 'to run'


intensified version of IN- (more forceful than IN or UN)

Latin prefix inde- (variant of in- + de- or intensive in-), used to form adjectives and nouns with emphatic or negative force


Latin indefatigabilis, from in- 'not' + defatigare 'to tire out'


to make harmless | to compensate for loss

indemnify | indemnifier | indemnifying | indemnifiers | indemnifiable | indemnification

Latin indemnus 'unharmed, safe', from in- 'not' + demn-us 'harm, damage' (related to damnum)


indexes | indexer | indexed | deindex | coindex | reindex

Latin in- (variant of ad- 'to, toward') + -dex (from ducere 'to lead')


indicated | indicates | indicateth | indicatest | subindicate | unindicated

Latin indicāre 'to point out, mark, signal', from in- 'in' + dicāre 'to proclaim, dedicate'


Latin 'indicare' (to point out), from 'in-' (on) + 'dicare' (to proclaim, dedicate)


indicts | indicted | indictee | reindict | indictor | indicter

Latin indicium 'indication, proof' (from indicāre 'to point out, accuse')


From Latin indigentia, from indigens 'needy', present participle of indigere 'to need, lack'


Latin indigena 'native, indigenous', from in- 'in' + gignere 'to beget, produce'


indigents | indigently | unindigent | nonindigent | nonindigents

Latin indigens, present participle of indigere 'to lack, need', from in- 'in, into' + egere 'to need, lack'


indium, indium phosphide, indium tin oxide

indiums | diindium | nonindium | radioindium | organoindium | trimethylindium

Chemical element, Metal, Rare earth-related

From Latin 'indus' (India), named for its discovery via spectroscopy in Indian ore.


Latin indolentia, from in- 'not' + dolens 'suffering' (present participle of dolere)


Latin indolens (present participle of indolēre) 'not feeling pain', from in- 'not' + dolēre 'to feel pain'


Latin in- 'not' + domitabilis 'subduable', from domitus, past participle of domare 'to tame'


a more forceful variant of the prefix IN- | carries stronger emphasis than its counterparts IN or UN

Latin in- (intensive prefix) + -du (variant of -dus, forming adjectives)


indulged | indulges | indulger | indulgers | indulgeth | indulgest

Latin indulgere 'to be lenient, gratify', from in- 'in, into' + agere 'to do, drive'


bioindustry | nonindustry | subindustry | agroindustry | industrywide | industrywise

Latin industria 'diligence, activity', from industritus 'active, diligent'


pertaining to | nature of | female | chemical compound

caffeine, quinine, resin, saline, valine

amine | avine | lysine | dudine | amines | vicine

-īnus | -īna | -īnum OED | -ine / -ῑνη OED

Latin -īnus | of or pertaining to | cognate with Greek -ινος | added to form adjectives relating to material | time | and so on | -ine | suffix5 | In origin an offshoot of -ine suffix4 OED ...related to '-ene' | forming adjs. | repr. Latin -īnus | -īna | -īnum | suffix1 and suffix2 OED | forming ns. | repr. French -ine | Latin -īna | Greek -ῑνη | forming feminine titles | suffix3 OED | suffix1 OED


from Latin inebriatus, past participle of inebriare 'to make drunk', from in- 'in' + ebrius 'drunk'


too great | too extreme | to be expressed in words

Latin ineffabilis, from in- 'not' + effabilis 'utterable', from effari 'to utter'


Latin inelegibilis 'unavoidable', from in- 'not' + eluctari 'to struggle free from'


Latin in- 'not, without' + aptus 'fitted, suitable'


motionless | inactive | lacking ability to move

inerts | inertly | noninert | bioinert | inertness | mucoinert

Latin in- 'not, without' + agere 'to do, act' (past participle stem inert-)


resistance to change | tendency to remain in a state

inertial | inertias | inertially | noninertial | inertialess | subinertial

Latin 'iners' (inactive, idle) + '-ia' (state/condition)


state of being an infant | early stage of life

Latin infans 'unable to speak', from in- 'not' + fans 'speaking', present participle of fari 'to speak'


infants | infantly | noninfant | infantize | noninfants | infantcare


infantrymen | infantryman | infantrywoman | infantryperson | infantrypersons

Latin 'infans' (infinitive 'infantare') meaning 'unable to speak', from 'in-' (not) + 'fans' (speaking, present participle of 'fari')


to inspire with passion | to excite | to fascinate

Latin infatuatus, past participle of infatuare 'to make foolish', from in- 'in' + fatuus 'foolish'


Latin inferior, comparative of inferus 'low, below'


Latin infernus 'of the underworld', from inferus 'below, lower'


inferonasal | inferoseptal | inferoseptum | inferognathal | inferolateral | inferonasally

Latin preposition/infix 'in-' (down, into) + 'fero' (to bear, carry); 'infero-' is a bound stem form, not a productive English affix.


infests | infested | infester | reinfest | infesting | disinfest

Latin infestus 'hostile, violent', from in- 'into' + festus 'festive' (originally 'festive' -> 'hostile' via semantic shift of 'agitated')


Latin infinitus 'unbounded', from in- 'not' + finitus 'bounded', past participle of finire 'to limit'


Latin influere 'to flow into', from in- 'into' + fluere 'to flow'


information, informative, inform, informality, informatics

infon | infons | infobox | infobot | infowar | infomax

Latin 'informare' meaning 'to give form to, shape, instruct'


inform, information, uniformity, reformation, malformation

reinforms | uninformed | information | informative | disinformer | uninforming

Latin informare 'to shape, form, fashion', from in- 'in' + forma 'shape, form'


lower in position | underneath | of lesser rank/status | under authority | lower in position or underneath | beneath in position

infrahyoid muscles | infrastructure | infrasonic | infrared | infra-red | infraglacial | inferior

infras | infrared | infralow | infrareds | infraclass | infrasonic

Position indicator | Comparator | preposition-like

Cognatarium | http://www.palosverdes.com/jesse/pvphs/www—freecollege—com—vocab.htm | MorphoQuantics | Wikipedia | Stein


infundibuloma | infundibulomas | infundibulotomy | infundibulopelvic

Latin infundibulum 'funnel' (from in- 'into' + fundere 'to pour')


Latin furor (rage, madness) + intensifying prefix in- (into, upon)


-ing1 | -ing2 | -ing3 | -ing4 | -ing5 | in'

inflectional | inflectional suffix affix bound morpheme

adjective | noun | gerund_noun | present participle | verb present participle | noun gerund | verb

carrying out the action | condition associated with the base element | the action itself | occurrence of the verb's meaning | being or entity defined by the base element's trait | object or substance related to the noun's function | occupation or practice involving the verb's action | representing an action | substance | or a gerund | progressive | ongoing | present participle | continuous form of the verb | the conceptual state of the base verb

running, eating, singing, walking, playing

suffix of the present participle | and of adjs. thence derived | or so formed | an alteration of the original Old English -ende | suffix2 OED | forming verbal derivatives | originally abstract nouns of action | Old English -ung | -ing | suffix1 OED | a suffix forming derivative masculine ns. | with the sense of 'one belonging to' or 'of the kind of' suffix3 OED | related to suffix1 OED


Latin ingenuus 'freeborn, noble', from in- 'in' + gignere 'to beget'


ingests | ingested | ingester | reingest | coingest | ingestion

Latin ingesta 'things taken in', from ingere 'to bring in, to offer'


to bring oneself into favor | to gain favor

Latin ingratiare 'to make welcome', from ingratus 'unwelcome' (in- 'not' + gratius 'pleasing')


inguinodynia | inguinolabial | inguinocrural | inguinofemoral | inguinoscrotal | inguinoabdominal

Latin inguinalis, from inguen (genitive inguinis) 'groin'


Latin inimicus 'hostile, unfriendly', from in- 'not' + amicus 'friend'


Latin iniquitas, from in- 'not' + aequus 'equal' + -itas 'state of being'


initial, initiate, initiative, initiation

Latin initiatus, past participle of initiare 'to begin, initiate', from initium 'beginning' (from in- 'in' + ire 'to go')


amoral, atypical, anonymous, asymmetrical, apolitical

Greek prefix a- (before a vowel) or an- (before a consonant) meaning 'not' or 'without'


injured | injures | injurer | injurers | reinjure | injurest

Latin in- 'in, into' + jurgium 'quarrel, dispute' (from jurgare 'to quarrel')


inns | innlike | innless | innyard | innyards | innkeeper


innates | innated | innately | innateness

Latin innatus, past participle of innasci 'to be born in', from in- 'in' + natus 'born'


Latin innocens (stem innoc-), from in- 'not' + nocens 'harming', present participle of nocere 'to harm'


Latin innocuus 'harmless', from in- 'not' + nocuus 'harmful' (related to nocere 'to harm')


to renew | to make new | to introduce change

Latin innovatus, past participle of innovare 'to renew, restore', from in- 'in, into' + novus 'new'


Latin 'innuere' 'to nod to, signal', from 'in-' 'toward' + 'nuere' 'to nod'


zino | zinos | gluino | plutino | hydrino | twotino

From Latin diminutive suffix -inus, derived from the adjectival suffix -inus (e.g., caninus 'of a dog'), which itself stems from the genitive stem of nouns (e.g., canis -> canin-).


Latin inoculare 'to graft onto', from in- 'on' + oculare 'to bud, graft', from oculus 'eye' (referring to the bud/eye of a plant)


insane (not normal in the head)|insanity (condition of being not normal in the head)

Latin insanus 'not sane', from in- 'not' + sanus 'healthy, sane'


insects | insecty | insectan | insected | insectoid | noninsect

Latin insectum 'insect, piece cut off', from in- 'into' + secare 'to cut'


Latin in- 'not, without' + sentiens, present participle of sentīre 'to feel'


to put in | to place within | to introduce

inserts | inserted | reinserts | inserters | insertive | insertors

Latin in- 'in, into' + sertus, past participle of serere 'to join, fasten'


treacherous | stealthy | subtle | harmful

Latin insidiosus 'full of traps, treacherous', from insidiae 'ambush, plot' (from insidere 'to sit upon')


Latin insinuare 'to fold into, introduce, insinuate', from in- 'in' + sinuare 'to fold', from sinus 'fold, hollow'


Latin insipidus "tasteless, dull", from in- "not" + sapidus "tasty, keen" (from sapere "to taste, have sense").


Latin insolentia, from insolens (in- 'not' + solens 'accustomed')


Latin insolens 'unaccustomed, unusual', from in- 'not' + solens 'accustomed', present participle of solere 'to be accustomed'


instaban | instakill | instadeath | instakills | instadeaths

Latin 'instant-' (present participle of 'instare' meaning 'to stand near, press upon'), from 'in-' (on) + 'stare' (to stand)


instances | instanced | noninstance | noninstances | counterinstance | counterinstances

Latin 'instans' (present participle of 'instare' meaning 'to stand near, be present'), from 'in-' (on, upon) + 'stare' (to stand)


instants | instantly | instanton | instantons | instantonic | instantness

Latin 'instans' (present participle of 'instare' meaning 'to stand upon, be present'), from 'in-' (on) + 'stare' (to stand)


Latin 'instant-' (present participle stem of 'instare' meaning 'to stand near, be present, press upon')


instigated | instigates | reinstigate | reinstigated | reinstigates

Latin in- 'in, into' + stigare (variant of figere 'to fasten, fix')


instincts | instinctive | instinctual | instinctively | instinctually | instinctivity

Latin instinctus, past participle of instingere 'to put in, urge on', from in- 'in' + stingere 'to thrust'


instrumental | instrumented | reinstrument | instrumently | instrumenting | instrumentals

Latin instrumentum 'tool, implement', from instruere 'to build, equip'


a landmass surrounded by water | a discrete area of land within a larger body of water

insular | insulate | insulation | peninsula | insulin | peninsula Variant Spellings: isle | isolate | isle


pancreatic hormone | regulates blood glucose

insulins | insulinoma | noninsulin | insulinase | proinsulin | insulinlike

from 'islet' (pancreatic islets of Langerhans)


to offend | to mock | to treat with disrespect

insult, insulting, insulted, insultingly

insults | insulted | insulter | insultee | insulting | insulters

Latin insultere 'to strike at, mock', from in- 'on' + saltere 'to leap, dance'


invisible, inactive, illegal, incomplete, inaudible

intactly | nonintact | intactness | intactivist | intactivists | intactnesses

Latin prefix in- (variant of im-, il-, ir-) from in- 'not, inside'


engraved | incised | carved into a surface

Italian intaglio 'engraving', from Latin intagliare 'to engrave', from in- 'in' + tagliare 'to cut'


integer, integral, integrate, integeration

integers | noninteger | nonintegers | integerness | hyperinteger | hyperintegers

Latin integer 'whole, intact', from in- 'not' + tegere 'to cover'


integrate | integration | integer | integrational | disintegrate | integral | unintegrated | integrand | integrity | redintegrate Variant Spellings: entire | entire


ethical consistency | completeness | structural solidity | virtuous conduct

From Latin integritas 'soundness, wholeness', from integer 'whole, untouched'


integuments | integumental | integumentary | integumentation

Latin integumentum, from integere 'to cover over'


intellects | intellected | intellection | intellections | superintellect | superintellects

Latin intellectus, past participle of intellegere 'to understand', from inter 'between' + legere 'to gather, choose'


Latin intelligere 'to understand, comprehend', from inter 'between' + legere 'to gather, choose'


intelligence, intelligent, intellection, intellect

Latin intelligens (present participle of intellegere 'to understand') + -ia (abstract noun suffix)


intensen | intensely | cointense | unintense | intensens | nonintense

Derived from Latin 'intensus,' meaning 'stretched' or 'tense.'


interior | directed inward | enclosed | between two points | amidst a group | periodically spaced

interact, internet, intersect, international, interject

inters | intered | reinter | interred | interact | interwar

Position indicator | position in space | Anomalous form

Cognatarium | http://www.palosverdes.com/jesse/pvphs/www—freecollege—com—vocab.htm | https://www.ruf.rice.edu/~kemmer/Words04/ | MorphoQuantics | http://leonsplanet.com/index.html | Stein


interact, international, intersect, interject


attention | concern | importance | stake

interest, disinterested, uninterested, interesting

interests | uninterest | disinterest | noninterest | interesteth | interestless

Latin interest 'it matters, is of importance', from inter- 'between' + esse 'to be'


Latin interior 'inner, inside', superlative of interus 'within'


interludes | interluded | interluder | interluders

Latin interludium, from inter- 'between' + ludus 'game, play'


to interrupt | to break up | to discontinue

intermits | intermitted | intermitter | intermitting | intermitters | unintermitted

Latin intermittere 'to interrupt, discontinue', from inter- 'between' + mittere 'to send'


destructive to both sides | mutual destruction | within a group

Latin internecinus 'destructive', from inter- 'between' + necare 'to kill'


to explain | to understand | to translate

Latin interpretari 'to explain, explain to oneself', from interpres 'interpreter, agent' (of unknown origin, possibly related to inter 'between')


Latin intersticium 'space between', from inter- 'between' + stare 'to stand'


intervals | subinterval | midinterval | subintervals | midintervals | hyperinterval


French 'entrevoir' 'to glimpse, see briefly'


intestines | intestinelike | megaintestine

Latin intestinus 'in the belly', from in- 'in' + intestinum 'entrails'


Latin in- 'in, on, into' + root intus 'within'


Latin intimus 'innermost, deepest', superlative of intus 'within'


inside | interior | within | among | inner | toward the interior | inward

intramural | intravenous | introduce | introduction | introvert | introspect | intracellular | Intracoastal Waterway | intrastate | intrauterine

intranet | intraday | intradot | intragap | intrasex | intraset

Position indicator | Positional | Spatial | position in space

Latin 'intra' meaning 'within, on the inside of'

Cognatarium | http://www.palosverdes.com/jesse/pvphs/www—freecollege—com—vocab.htm | https://www.ruf.rice.edu/~kemmer/Words04/ | Wikipedia


complexity | complication | detailedness

Latin intricatus, past participle of intricare 'to entangle, perplex', from in- 'in' + tricare 'to entangle', from trabs 'beam, plank'


intricated | intricates | intricately | intricateness

Latin intricatus, past participle of intricare 'to entangle', from in- 'in' + tricare 'to entangle', from trabs 'beam'


secret planning | complication | mystery

intriguer | intriguery | intriguers | unintrigued | outintrigue | outintrigues

Latin intricare 'to entangle, perplex', from in- 'in' + tricāre 'to perplex' (related to tricae 'troubles, perplexities')


intrinsics | nonintrinsic | intrinsicoid | intrinsicness

Latin in- 'in, on' + trahere 'to draw, pull'


Latin introitus, past participle of intrare 'to enter'


intuits | intuited | intuitive | intuition | intuiting | intuitions

Latin 'intueri' meaning 'to look at, contemplate, perceive', from 'in-' (in, on) + 'tueri' (to look at, watch over)


Latin in- (intensive prefix) + uerus (true, genuine) or uetus (old, worn)


invader | invades | invaders | invadeth | invadest | coinvade

Latin invadere 'to attack, enter upon', from in- 'into' + vadere 'to go'


invectives | invectively | invectiveness

Latin invectīva (substantive use of feminine past participle of invahere 'to attack, assault')


to speak or write against | to complain vigorously | to protest

inveighs | inveighed | inveigher | inveighing | inveighers | inveighings

Latin invehere 'to load upon, attack', from in- 'on' + vehere 'to carry'


Latin investigare 'to trace, pursue, examine', from in- 'in, on' + vestigare 'to track, follow'


long-established | habitual | deep-seated

Latin inveteratus, past participle of inveterascere 'to become old/habitual', from in- 'in' + vetus 'old'


Latin invidere 'to look at with ill will, envy', from in- 'on, upon' + vidēre 'to see'


Latin invidiosus, from invidere 'to look with envy at', from in- 'on' + videre 'to see'


to call | to request presence | to summon

invited | invitee | invites | inviter | invitees | uninvite

Latin invitare 'to invite, summon', from in- 'in, into' + itare 'to go', frequentative of ire 'to go'


bill of sale | itemized list of goods | request for payment

invoicers | reinvoices | reinvoiced | uninvoiced | misinvoiced | misinvoices

Latin 'invoce' (vocative of 'invocare', to call upon) -> Medieval Latin 'invocia' (call to account) -> Italian 'fattura' (bill) via semantic shift from 'calling to pay' to 'document of payment'


invoked | invokes | invoker | invokers | reinvoke | uninvoked

Latin vocare 'to call', past participle stem voc-


ios | iopentol | iobitridol | iofendylate


iodous | triiodo | iodoform | iodophor | iodobead | iodometry

From Greek iōdēs 'violet-colored', from iō 'violet', referring to the violet vapor of iodine.


thermometer, barometer, altimeter, odometer, speedometer

Greek -metron 'measure', from meiromai 'to measure out'


the action or occurrence | outcome or product from the initial element | the act itself | the action performed by | the outcome | the condition or state | the ongoing process | the act or outcome | one who performs the action

assumption | liberation | revision | cancellation | contagion | infection | crenellation | attraction | legion | opinion | champion | scion

ions | ionic | Ionic | coion | diion | action

From Latin -iōnem (nominative -iō), noun of action from past participle stems of verbs, originally denoting the state or result of the action.


to go, hence: ion [ions go to an electrical charge

From Greek -ion, neuter suffix of result or instrument, from eienai 'to go'


Greek ion (ἰόν), present participle of einai (εἶναι) 'to go'


inflectional | derivational suffix affix bound morpheme

anterior | posterior | exterior | interior | superior | inferior | ulterior | junior

Latin comparative suffix -ior, from PIE *-yos- (superlative/comparative suffix)


the process of performing the action indicated by the initial component

favour | parlour | splendour | behaviour | saviour

From Latin -ōrem (accusative of -or), via Old French -our, denoting action, result, or agent.


characterized by | comprising or filled with the meaning of the preceding element | abundant in | exhibiting | embodying the attributes of

ambitious, delicious, furious, cautious, various


ipse dixit, ipsilateral, ipsissima verba, ipso facto, ipso jure, res ipsa loquitur, solipsism

Latin ipse 'self, very' (intensifier of is, ea, id)


irregular, irreplaceable, irrevocable, irritable, irreligious, irremovable, irremediable, irremissible, irremunerative, irremunerated

iraser | irasers | irregular | irreality | irrecured | irregible

a-, an-, dys-, i-/il-/im-/in-, mal-, non-, un-

From Latin ir- | assimilated form of in- used before r-. | variant of in1 before 'r' | 'ir-' | prefix2 OED | in-


irascible, irate, irrevocable, irremediable, irrefutable


Latin irasci 'to become angry', from in- 'into' + scandere 'to climb'


irritable | easily angered | prone to anger

Latin irascibilis, from irasci 'to become angry'


ired | ires | ireful | irefully | irefulness

Latin ire 'to go', from Proto-Indo-European *h1ei- 'to go'


multicolored arc in the sky | colored portion of the eye


iridic | aniridic | iridalgia | iridectomy | iridectomies | iridectomize


From Latin 'iridis' (rainbow) + '-escence' (becoming)


showing | displaying | exhibiting | rainbow-like | shimmering | lustrous

Latin 'iridis' (rainbow) + '-escent' (becoming)


Latin iris, irid- 'rainbow' + -icus suffix forming adjectives


iridium, iridescent, iris, iridectomy, iridology


multicolored arc in sky | eye's colored part

irid, iridectomy, iridescent, iridic, iridium, iris

irised | irises | irislike | iriscope | autoiris | iriscopes


of or relating to Ireland or its people | Irish language

Irishy | Irishly | Irishry | Irisher | Irishman | Irishism

From Old Irish 'Ériu' (name of Ireland) + '-ish' (adjective-forming suffix)


irks | irky | irked | irking | forirk | irketh

Middle English irken, from im- (in) + erken (to awaken/disturb)


conceal true intentions through language | verbally obscure genuine feelings

irony | irons | ironic | ironed | ironer | diiron


From the name of the Iroquois people, derived from the French 'Iroquois', likely from an Algonquian exonym.


advocating for the reclamation of lost territory | nationalist


Latin irrigatus, past participle of irrigare 'to water, moisten', from in- 'into' + rigare 'to moisten, wet'


irritate, irritation, irresistible, irritable

Latin irritus 'unsettled, invalid, ineffective', from ir- 'not' + itus 'gone', past participle of ire 'to go'


isogloss | isograph | isometric | isomorphic | isosceles | isotonic | isotropic

whois | iswas | isness | tiswas | agenesis | digenesis


isomer | isosceles | isotope | isotonic | isometric | isobar | isolate | isochromatic | isotherm | isogloss | isograph | isomorphic | isotropic | aniseikonia | anisometric | anisometropia | isobath | isogonic | isometropia | Isopoda | isopropyl | Isoptera | istotropic

isomer | isosceles | isotope | isometric | isobar | isolate | isochromatic | isotherm | isogloss | isograph | isomorphic | isotonic | isotropic | aniseikonia | anisometric | anisometropia | isobath | isogonic | isometropia | Isopoda | isopropyl | Isoptera | istotropic

isomer | isobar | isogon | isopod | isonym | isolux

Descriptives | Comparator equality | Quantity | Amount

MorphoQuantics | Wikipedia | Cognatarium | http://www.palosverdes.com/jesse/pvphs/www—freecollege—com—vocab.htm | https://www.ruf.rice.edu/~kemmer/Words04/ | Wikidata


acclimatisation | decimalisation | modernisation

memoisation | iconisation | dockisation | humanisation | equalisation | Asianisation

From Latin -atio(n-), from the past participle stem of verbs ending in -are, via Old French -isation


ischioanal | ischiocele | ischiopubic | ischiopagus | ischiorectal | ischiosacral


transform into | impart a form or quality | apply the action of the first element to | cause to become | induce to yield

realise, organise, civilise, visualise, symbolise

civilize | randomize | standardize | capitalise | exercise | publicise | synthesise | hypnotise | finalise | ostracise | proselytize | sanitize | microphone (small sound > to big sound) | microbiology (study of very small living things) | microbe (very small living thing)

remise | remises | remised | lionise | odorise | ozonise

cognate with French -ise-r | ... < late Latin -izāre | -īzāre | < Greek -ίζειν | formative of verbs OED | Latin -iscus Greek -iskos : diminutive suffix

http://www.palosverdes.com/jesse/pvphs/www—freecollege—com—vocab.htm | Cognatarium | Stein


having the characteristics of what is denoted by t

Derivational | derivational suffix affix bound morpheme

noun | adjective | adverb | cardinal numeral | 0.000111126888385388

adjective | adverb | cardinal | noun | verb

resembles | associated with | approximates | denotes origin | relates to | reflects | minor form | conveys negative traits | nearly | pertaining to | similar to

childish, foolish, yellowish, reddish, stylish, selfish

apish | alish | thish | Yiish | UNish | Polish

From Old English '-isc', from Proto-Germanic '-iskaz', from Proto-Indo-European '-iskos'


collagen-based substance | fish bladder extract

Middle English 'isinglass', likely from 'is' (ice) + 'glass'


small variant of {prev} | endearing small form


Hislam | Islamic | Islamist | Islamite | Islamism | Islamdom

Arabic salima 'to be safe, whole, or sound' -> salima 'to submit' -> Islam 'submission (to God)'


islet | isles | enisle | islets | inisle | enisled

Old English īegland, from īeg 'island' + land 'land'; ultimately from Proto-Germanic *augjō


sudden involuntary muscle jerk | tightening or shortening | a doctrine or framework associated with the initial component

hemiballismus | historicismus | mythicismus

Greek -ισμός | related to -ism < Greek -ισμός ... | indicating a typical condition or typical conduct OED


Greek isos 'equal' + indole (chemical stem)


landmass encircled by water | act of separating from a group


isolate, isolation, isolationism, isolatable

isolated | isolates | reisolate | unisolated | nonisolate | reisolated


Proper Name, Romance Literature, Celtic Legend

From Middle English Isolt, from Old French Yseut, ultimately from the Celtic legend of Tristan and Isolde.


benison | bison | caparison | comparison | garrison | grison | imprison | unison | jettison | liaison

From Old French -ison, -son, from Latin -ionem (nominative -io), from the verb stem + -io, indicating the action or result of a verb.


Italian superlative suffix -issimo, derived from Latin -issimus (superlative of -us)


issues | issuer | issuers | reissue | issueth | issuest


derivational suffix affix bound morpheme | derivational

specialist in a field | adheres to a specified doctrine | person associated with a practice | suffix forming nouns indicating someone who performs or creates the specified action | believer or practitioner of a theory | expert in a domain | supporter of a doctrine

artist, scientist, journalist, dentist, pianist

ists | odist | Idist | nudist | sexist | oboist

Agent, Profession, Adherent, Noun-forming

From Greek -istes (agent noun suffix) via Latin -ista or French -iste

French from Greek OED | Latin | Greek | ...


From Medieval Greek 'eis tēn Polin' (to the City)


Greek 'isthmos' meaning neck or narrow strip


pertaining to | characterized by | having the nature of

atomistic | artistic | characteristic | deistic | logistic | puristic

From Greek -istikos, formed from the suffix -ikos (adjectival) added to the stem of nouns ending in -ismos, ultimately derived from the verb stem -izō ('to make, to do').


From Latin -isticus, from Greek -istikos, formed from the suffix -ikos (adjectival) added to the stem of nouns ending in -istēs


Greek -ikos (adjectival suffix) + -istis (agent noun suffix) + -os (adverbial suffix)


one who practices | person who believes in | adherent


iteration, itinerary, itinerary, iterative

its | itself | damnit | Bumpit | sobeit | itsself


Latin 'italicus' meaning 'of the Italic people', from 'Italia'


From Latin Italia, from Oscan Viteliu 'land of cattle'


pertaining to | characterized by | engaged in

Latin -itarius, from it- 'going' (past participle stem of ire)


activate, facilitate, precipitate, irritate

Latin -itatus, past participle suffix of verbs in -ire (from Proto-Italic *-ito-)


From Latin -itio, -ationem, noun suffix derived from the past participle stem of verbs ending in -ire or -ere + -io


A persistent, nagging desire or longing | A continual, annoying urge or want

itchy | itches | itched | itcher | itching | itchily

From Old English 'icce', meaning to itch


related to | resident of | defining trait of

socialite, parasite, meteorite, anthracite, sulfite

Saite | KLite | UPite | pyrite | indite | nanite

From Greek -ites, from -itis (fem. of -itos), agent noun suffix derived from the past participle suffix -itos, ultimately from the verb stem ending in -iō.


a particular thing | an object | a thing of a specified kind

items | itemize | subitem | itemise | itemset | itemised

Latin 'item' meaning 'likewise, also, in the same way', from 'idem' (the same)


once more | reiterate | the next occurrence

iterate | reiterate | iteration | iterative

iters | iteral | iterate | iterates | iterable | iterator


Latin iteratus, past participle of iterare 'to repeat', from iterum 'again'


Greek -ikos, from ikos (pertaining to), from eimi (to be)


traveling | wandering | moving from place to place

Latin itiner- 'journey' (from ire 'to go') + -ant- 'one who does'


Latin itinerarius 'of or belonging to a journey', from itiner- 'journey' (stem of iter)


fictitious | surreptitious | nutritious | seditious

From Latin -itius, from -itus (past participle suffix of verbs like facere, ferre) + -osus (adjectival suffix meaning 'full of').


tonsillitis | appendicitis | laryngitis | sinusitis | meningitis | poliomyelitis | nephritis | neuritis | osteoarthritis | otitis | tendonitis | bronchitis | arthritis | conjunctivitis | enteritis | gastritis

otitis | myitis | colitis | ileitis | divitis | uveitis

Greek -itis (suffix denoting inflammation)

http://www.palosverdes.com/jesse/pvphs/www—freecollege—com—vocab.htm | https://www.ruf.rice.edu/~kemmer/Words04/ | Cognatarium | Wikidata


performing an action | related to the action of the initial component | inducing | producing | adjectival form of a noun

additive | definitive | primitive | assertive | exploitative | supportive | punitive

From Latin -itivus, from past participle stem of ferre 'to carry' + -vus, forming adjectives indicating tendency or result.


From Greek -izein, from -is + -ein, ultimately from Indo-European *-yeh₂-


Spanish diminutive suffix -ito, derived from Latin -ittus


sorbitol | mannitol | threitol | miglitol | threitols | mannitols

From Greek -itol, from polysyllabic alcohol names ending in -itol (e.g., sorbitol), derived from Greek -itolos, a variant of -itol derived from Greek 'hēdus' (sweet) or related to 'sorbitus' (sorbitol), ultimately from Greek 'hēdos' (sweetness).


auditorium, auditorium, planetarium, solarium

Latin -itorium, neuter of -itorius, from -itor (agent noun suffix) + -ium (neuter suffix denoting place)


characterized by | full of | possessing the quality of

Latin suffix -itus, past participle suffix of verbs (e.g., ambire, expedire, fortui)


atypical, anonymous, amoral, asymmetrical, anaerobic

Greek privative prefix a- (before vowels) or an- (before consonants), from an- 'not, without'


state | quality or condition related to the root element | state | quality | existence

aptitude | magnitude | verisimilitude | attitude | gratitude | solitude

solitude | finitude | dogitude | amplitude | vastitude | solitudes

From Latin -itudo, -itudinis, a suffix forming abstract nouns from adjectives (e.g., altus -> altitudo).


a state | the quality or condition associated with the preceding element | an occurrence of this | condition | state | quality | character | N [name of quality]

['purity', 'complexity', 'activity', 'capacity', 'velocity']

arity | nudity | oddity | uppity | vanity | purity

From Latin -itas (genitive -itatis), formed from the stem of adjectives ending in -idus, -idus, or -osus, corresponding to the English '-ness' or '-ity'.

http://www.palosverdes.com/jesse/pvphs/www—freecollege—com—vocab.htm | https://www.ruf.rice.edu/~kemmer/Words04/ | Stein


status | circumstance | assembly | location

sodium | cerium | barium | curium | corium | niobium

Latin neuter singular suffix -ium, derived from the neuter suffix -ium (from PIE *-yom), used to form abstract nouns or nouns denoting a place or collection.


performing an action | inclined to perform the action denoted by the first element | one who performs the action | bringing about or producing | characterized by a certain quality | inclination or inherent quality | role or relationship | related to the state of {prev}

exploitative | representative | summative | additive | definitive | primitive | assertive | supportive | contraceptive | detective | objective | assumptive | receptive | reductive | abusive | exhaustive | abortive | plaintive | inquisitive | informative | attentive | pensive | elusive | deductive

active | arrive | fixive | abusive | survive | arrived

From Latin -īvus, formed from the past participle stem of verbs (e.g., *nātus* -> *nātīvus*), denoting origin, nature, or tendency.


a being that consumes the entity denoted by the initial component

From Latin -vōr, -vōris 'eating', from edō 'to eat'


ivorylike | ivorytype | ivorybill | ivorytypes | ivorybills

From Old French 'ivoire', derived from Late Latin 'ebur' (ivory) via the Vulgar Latin form '*eburium'.


organization, realization, stabilization, visualization, customization

emphasize | bowdlerize | bastardize | idolize | fanaticize | publicize | synthesize | hypnotize | acclimatization | alphabetization | amortization | authorization | demoralization | industrialization | pedestrianization


to convert into, give the character or shape, to s

transform into | impart a form or quality | apply the action indicated by the preceding element

civilize, randomize, standardize, capitalise

odize | ionize | odized | odizes | medize | webize

From Greek -izein, from -izo 'make, become'

https://www.ruf.rice.edu/~kemmer/Words04/ | Stein | Wikidata


buclizine | cyclizine | cyclizines | clocinizine | chlorcyclizine | homochlorcyclizine


stylistic emphasis | rhythmic substitution

African American Vernacular English (AAVE) slang suffix, popularized in the 1990s hip-hop culture, likely derived from the word 'fizzle' or used for rhythmic effect.


jabs | jabby | jabber | jabbing | jabless | jabberer

imitative of the sound or action of a quick, sharp movement


to talk rapidly and ineffectively | chatter | prattle

jabbers | jabbery | jabbered | jabberers | jabbering | jabberings


to propel or hurl | to recline or rest | to send or direct | to place or position | to throw down or cause to fall

project, eject, inject, object, subject, trajectory, trajectory

more at jacent / jacent / : ject / ject, jet / jet


to collapse suddenly | to rest in a horizontal position

adjacent | subjacent | superjacent Variant Spellings: joist | joist


Jacky | jacks | jacked | jackdaw | jackass | jackpot

Arabic 'thul' (jackal) via French ' chacal'


Arabic ḏibʿa (ذِئْبَة) or ḥulʿ (حُلْ), via French chacal or Italian giacka, from Arabic ḥulʿ (jackal) or possibly from a Berber source


jackets | jacketed | rejacket | jacketing | bedjacket | rejackets


A semiprecious stone, typically green or white, used for carving | A mineral, either nephrite or jadeite | A material used in jewelry and sculpture

jaded | jades | jaden | jadery | bejade | jadeite

From Spanish 'piedra de ijada', referring to its historical use in treating kidney ailments.


jaguars | jaguarlike | werejaguar | werejaguars


Elijah | hallelujah Variant Spellings: Yahweh | Yahweh


jail, jailer, jailhouse, jailbreak, jailing

jails | jailor | jailed | enjail | rejail | jailee


Likely a humorous alteration of 'jalapa' (a type of bean or place name), popularized in early 20th-century American slang to refer to a dilapidated automobile.


jams | jammy | unjam | logjam | jammer | jammed

From the verb 'jam' (to wedge or squeeze), likely of imitative origin.


From French jamboree, possibly from French jambon 'ham' (suggesting a feast) or from the Romani word jamb 'to eat', though the exact origin is debated.


Latin ianua 'door' (related to ianitor 'doorkeeper')


janitors | janitorial | janitoring | janitorship | janitorships | janitorially

Latin ianitor 'doorkeeper, porter', from ianua 'door' + -tor agent suffix


from Latin japonicus, from Japan + -icus


ajar | jars | jarful | jarred | evejar | unjars

Middle English 'jarre', possibly related to Old French 'jarre'


jargons | jargony | jargonic | jargonium | jargonist | jargoneer

Greek jargon 'jargon' (meaning twittering, chatter, or meaningless noise)


jaspers | jaspery | jasperous | jasperize | jasperite | jasperoid


Old French 'jaun', from Frankish '*gel' (yellow)


jaundiced | jaundices | unjaundiced | pseudojaundice


a short excursion | a stroll | to wander

jaunts | jaunted | jaunter | jaunting | jaunters | jauntings

Middle English jaunte, from Anglo-French jaunter 'to travel, go on a journey', from jauntier 'to travel'


Middle French 'jaunty' (variant of 'janty'), likely related to 'gentil'


javelins | javelineer | javelinist | javelineers | javelinists


jaws | jawy | jawed | jawing | jawbox | lockjaw

Old English 'ceap' or 'ceapa' (related to biting/chewing)


a style of music characterized by improvisation and swing

jazzy | jazzed | jazzes | jazzer | jazzing | jazzify

From French jazz (or jass), possibly of African origin or short for jasm (energy/spirit).


feeling resentment | envy | resentment of another's advantage

jealously | unjealous | nonjealous | unjealously | jealousness | overjealous


hurl | toss | project | discharge | propel

project, reject, inject, eject, subject, object, trajectory

Latin iectus, past participle of iacere 'to throw'


unity, uniform, unicorn, unilateral, unicycle


jeeps | jeepney | jeepneys | jeeplike | minijeep | jeepable

Proper noun (brand name) used generically


to mock | to laugh rudely | to shout derisively

jeers | jeerer | jeering | jeerers | jeereth | jeerest

Middle English jere or jeer, likely imitative of the sound of mocking laughter


jejunotomy | jejunostomy | jejunoileal | jejunoscopy | jejunoplasty | jejunostomies


Truncated form of 'jelly', from Middle English 'gelie', derived from Old French 'gelee' (frozen thing), from Latin 'gelatus' (frozen).


jellying | jellyish | jellybag | jellyfish | jellylike | combjelly

Middle English 'jely', from Old French 'gelee'


From English suffix -y (or -ie/-y) used to form diminutives or nicknames from nouns or adjectives, often implying smallness or endearment.


Middle French 'jeu parti' 'even game/divided game'


Toponymic: referring to the island of Jersey


jests | jesty | jester | jested | jestee | jesting

Old French 'geste' (deed, exploit) or 'jeste' (jest, joke)


Jesuitry | Jesuited | bejesuit | Jesuitess | bejesuits | Jesuitocracy

From Latin 'Iesus' (Jesus) + '-ita' (follower/member), referring to followers of Jesus Christ.


jets | jetty | rejet | dijet | jetes | upjet

Latin iactare, frequentative of iacere 'to throw'


A stingy or greedy person | a cheapskate

Jewy | Jewry | Jewess | Jewish | Jewdar | Jewfro

Derived from the Hebrew word 'Yehudi', meaning someone from the tribe of Judah.


jewels | bejewel | jeweled | jeweller | jewelled | bejewels

Old French juel, from Latin ioculare 'to play'


sirji | guruji | papaji | sirjis | mamaji | dadaji

From Hindi 'ji' (जि), an honorific suffix used to show respect to the person being addressed.


Middle English 'jibben' (to move, to jerk)


jigs | jiggy | rejig | jigger | jiggle | jigsaw

From Middle Dutch 'jucken' or 'jicken' meaning 'to itch' or 'to move restlessly', related to the sensation of itching which evolved into the meaning of dancing or moving quickly.


to move with small, quick, irregular motions | to shake lightly


a militant campaign for an idea | a struggle or effort to promote a cause

jihads | jihadi | jihadic | jihadist | jihadism | jihadize

derived from Arabic, meaning 'struggle' or 'effort'


to reject or abandon (a lover or suitor)

jilted | jilter | jiltee | jilting | jilters | jiltees

From Middle Dutch 'jilden' meaning 'to lead away' or 'to drive off', possibly related to Old English 'gieldan' (to pay, yield).


jingles | jingled | jingler | ajingle | jinglet | jinglers

From Old English 'singan' (to sing) combined with the frequentative suffix '-lian', originally meaning 'to sing repeatedly' or 'to make a ringing sound by singing', later specialized to the sound of metal.


extreme or aggressive patriotism | jingoism

jingoes | jingoism | jingoist | jingoish | jingoize | jingoists

blend of 'jingoism' (from 'Hanoverian' or 'jehan' slang) and 'nationalism'


Arabic jinn (جنّ) 'hidden ones' or 'concealed spirits', from the root j-n-n (ج ن ن) meaning 'to hide' or 'to be concealed'.


to bring bad luck | to cause misfortune | a spell of bad luck

jinxed | unjinx | jinxee | jinxing | jinxees

Middle English jynken, from Old French jancier 'to juggle, cheat', of uncertain origin, possibly from Vulgar Latin *junciare 'to juggle'


jittery | jitterbug | jitterily | unjittery | jittersome | jitteriness

Onomatopoeic origin, likely imitating the sound of rapid, irregular movement


From 'jive talk' or 'jive turkey', originating in 1930s-40s jazz slang meaning nonsense or deceitful talk.


divine ruler | YHWH [in Hebrew-derived names]

Joan, Joanna, Joel, Johann, John, Jonathan, Joseph, Joshua, Josiah unrelated: Jonah, Jonas


jobs | McJob | jobed | jobbie | jobber | hitjob

Middle English 'jobbe' (a piece of work)


tease | full of energy | lightheartedness | cheerfully | to be cheerful | to tease | humor

jewel | jewelry | jocose | jocosity | jocular | jocularity | joke | jongleur | juggle | giocoso | jocund Variant Spellings: joke | joker | Joyce | jocund

Latin jocundus "pleasant, merry" (from iocari "to joke, jest")


jocks | jocky | jockey | jockeys | jockish | jockdom

Middle English jokere, from joke (n.) + -er


Latin jocōsus "joking, playful", from jocus "joke, jest"


jocularly | unjocular | jocularity | jocularness | unjocularly | jocularities

Latin ioculus 'playful, witty', diminutive of iocus 'joke'


jocundly | jocundity | jocundness | jocundities

Latin jocundus 'cheerful, pleasant', from jocari 'to joke, jest'


ajog | jogs | jogger | jogged | jogging | joggers

From Old English 'iogian' meaning 'to jog, move with a jerking motion', possibly of imitative origin.


From Tswana 'Tshwane' (place of white people) + Afrikaans 'burg' (town/city)


Latin gaudium 'joy, gladness', from gaudere 'to rejoice'


adjoin, rejoin, enjoin, conjunction, disjoin

joins | joiner | unjoin | cojoin | conjoin | joining


joists | joistless | joistlike | interjoist | interjoists

From Old English 'geost' meaning 'beam' or 'joist', related to Proto-Germanic '*gestaz'.


joker | jokes | joked | jokers | jokest | nonjoke

Middle English 'jok', from Old French 'jocer'


sudden movement | shock | burst of energy

jolts | jolty | jolter | jolted | rejolt | jolting

From Old English 'geolte' (past participle of 'geolan'), meaning 'to move violently' or 'to jerk', likely of imitative origin.


joules | jouled | exajoule | oxyjoule | gigajoule | megajoule


Latin diurnus 'of the day', from dies 'day'


journey | journal | adjourn | sojourn | bonjour | journalism | journeyman


journeys | journeyed | journeyer | journeyman | journeyers | journeying

Old French 'journée' (a day's work/travel)


jousts | jouster | jousted | jousting | jousters | jousteth


jovial | Jovian | jovially | jovialist | jovialness | jovialists

Latin Iove (vocative of Iuppiter), from Proto-Italic *Jous-pater, from Proto-Indo-European *dyew- 'sky, day' + *ph₂tḗr 'father'


Latin Iovialis 'of Jove', from Iuppiter (Jupiter)


the lower part of a person's cheek and jaw

jowly | jowls | jowled | jowler | jowlers | bejowled


joys | enjoy | joyed | unjoy | joyous | joyful

From Old French 'joie', derived from Latin 'gaudium' meaning 'joy, gladness'.


to exclaim with happiness | to cry out in delight


Latin iubilare 'to shout for joy', possibly of onomatopoeic origin


abbreviation of Judith | Apocryphal book about Judith's salvation


to shake or vibrate rapidly and uncontrollably

judders | juddered | juddering | judderingly

Middle English jadden, of imitative origin


judge, judicial, judiciary, judicious, adjudicate

Latin iudex 'judge', from ius 'right' + dicere 'to say'


adjudicate | adjudication | adjudicative | adjudicator | adjudicatory | extrajudicial | injudicious | judge | judgement | judgment | judgmental | judicable | judicative | judicator | judicatory | judicature | judicial | judiciary | judicious | nonjudgmental | nonjudicial | prejudge | prejudgment | prejudice | prejudicial | quasijudicial | adjudge | misjudge


assess | declare legal rulings | evaluate | verdict

adjudicate | adjudication | adjudicative | adjudicator | adjudicatory | extrajudicial | injudicious | judge | judgement | judgment | judgmental | judicable | judicative | judicator | judicatory | judicature | judicial | judiciary | judicious | nonjudgmental | nonjudicial | prejudge | prejudgment | prejudice | prejudicial | quasijudicial

comb of jur / jur + dic1 / dic / : judg / judg

Latin iudex (gen. iudicis) 'judge', from ius 'law' + agere 'to do, drive'

Cognatarium | http://www.palosverdes.com/jesse/pvphs/www—freecollege—com—vocab.htm | Wikidata


From Japanese 柔道 (jūdō), literally 'gentle way', composed of 柔 (ju, gentle/yielding) + 道 (dō, way/path)


unite | a coupling device | the act of uniting | a coupling | link | pair

conjugal | conjugate | subjugate | jugular | jugum

jugs | jugful | jugged | juglet | jugline | jugfuls


jugals | subjugal | epijugal | nasojugal | epijugals | retrojugal


Latin iugulum 'throat, neck', diminutive of iugum 'yoke'


juicer | juiced | juices | juicen | juicers | juicens


jujus | jujuism | jujuist | jujuman | jujuists

From Akan/Ewe 'juju' meaning magic, charm, or spiritual power, likely originating from the Akan word 'ju' (to do/make) + 'ju' (power/spirit), referring to the spiritual force inherent in objects or rituals.


Persian zūzbīn, from zūz 'jujube' + bīn 'having'


Likely from Southern US dialect, possibly related to 'gulp' or 'sip'


Latin nomen Julius, possibly from Etruscan or meaning 'downy-bearded' or 'youthful'


jumbled, jumbler, jumble sale, jumble yard

Middle English jumbelen 'to jostle, clash', of imitative origin


jumbos | jumboize | jumbotron | jumboized | jumboizes | superjumbo


to spring upward | to leap | sudden movement

jumpy | jumps | jumper | jumped | jumping | jumpily

Middle English jumpen, from Old French sauter


adjunct | adjunction | adjunctive | conjunct | conjunction | conjunctive | disjunct | disjunction | disjunctive | injunction | injunctive | junction | juncture | nondisjunction | subjunctive | conjunctiva

Latin iung- 'join' (past participle stem of iungere)


Latin 'Iunius', named after the goddess Juno


jungles | jungled | vajungle | nonjungle | vajungles | junglelike

Portuguese 'selva' (wilderness) via Dutch 'jungle' or Hindi 'jangal' (wilderness), ultimately from Sanskrit 'jaṅgala' (arid land, wasteland)


juniors | juniority | juniormost | junioritis | juniorship | juniorness


Latin iuniperus, from iuniceps 'having two heads' (referring to the berry-like cones)


junky | junks | junker | junkie | junked | dejunk

Middle English 'junk', likely related to 'junk' (old rope/refuse)


Derived from the Old English noun 'cyning' (king) + the suffix '-dōm' (state, condition, domain). 'Junker' is a later borrowing, but the morphological structure '-dom' is native Germanic.


junkets | junkety | junketer | junketed | junketeer | junketers

Middle English 'junket' (to frolic, to play), possibly related to 'jollity'


derived from Juno, the Roman queen of the gods


Latin iuncta 'joined together', from iungere 'to join'


the fifth planet from the sun | the Roman god of the sky

Latin Iuppiter (Jupiter), from iu- (archaic form of dies 'day') + pater 'father'


legal system | fairness in legal matters | arbitrator | ceremonial practice | vow | act of swearing | formal promise | legal entitlement | undertake a vow

jurisdiction, jury, jury-rig, perjury, jurisprudence, legal, legitimate


Latin ius (gen. iuris) 'law, right' + -dic- 'saying, proclaiming'


legal system | fairness in rulings | arbiter of disputes | ceremonial observance | vow-taking

justice, judicial, jurisdiction, jurisprudence, justiciary

Latin ius (genitive iuris) 'right, law, justice'


morally correct | in line with legal rules | appropriate | relating to justice | to swear a vow

justice, unjust, justify, justifiable, justification

justs | justly | unjust | juster | injust | justify

Latin iustus 'fair, equitable', from ius 'law, right'


adjument, adjutant, adjutor, adjutory, adjutrix, coadjutant, coadjutor, injucundity, jocund, jocundity

juts | jutted | outjut | jutting | outjuts | juttings


justice, unjust, adjust, objective, subject

Latin iustus 'just, fair', from ius 'right, law'


From Bengali 'jūt', referring to the fiber of the Corchorus plant


adjacent to | beside | next to | close | alongside | located near

juxtaglomerular apparatus | juxtapose | juxtaposition | juxta-articular | juxta-spinal

juxtapose | juxtaoral | juxtaposed | juxtaposes | juxtaposer | juxtarenal

http://www.palosverdes.com/jesse/pvphs/www—freecollege—com—vocab.htm | MorphoQuantics | Stein


kaisers | kaiserdom | kaisership | kaiserdoms | kaiserships


kaleido- | kaleidoscope | visual pattern | prismatic

Greek kalos 'beautiful' + eidos 'form/shape'


kaolins | kaolinic | kaolinite | kaolinize | kaolinized | kaolinizes

From Chinese 高嶺土 (gāolǐngtǔ), literally 'high ridge earth', referring to the Kaoling hills in Jiangxi province where it was first mined.


From Middle High German kaput, from Latin caput 'head' (via the phrase 'ad caput' meaning 'to the head' or 'to the end'), originally referring to something broken off or finished.


From Proto-Germanic *karlaz "young man, youth" (source of Old English cearl, Old High German karl, Old Norse karl), likely from PIE *gher- "to grasp, hold" (cf. Latin carus "dear, beloved"), though the semantic shift from 'grasp' to 'man' is debated; alternatively linked to PIE *gher- "to call, name".


central core | seed's inner part | hard, dry fruit | cell's central component

Eukaryote | Prokaryote | caryopsis | karyogamy | karyoplasm | karyosome | karyotin | karyotype | synkaryon


karyomap | karyogamy | karyotype | karyogram | karyocyte | karyomere


kayaks | kayaked | kayaker | kayaking | kayakers | kayakable


Turkish 'kazanmak' (to win) + '-an' (agentive suffix)


bottom part of a ship | longitudinal structural element | stability

keels | keely | keeled | keeler | keeling | keelage


Derived from the verb 'kill' + agentive suffix '-er'


keens | keeno | keenly | keener | unkeen | keened

Old English cēne "brave, excellent, sharp"


keeps | keeper | keeped | upkeep | keepen | keeping

Old English cēpan "to seize, hold, observe"


kegs | kegger | kegful | keggers | keglike | kegfuls


unit of temperature | absolute zero scale

kelvins | picokelvin | millikelvin | submillikelvin

named after Lord Kelvin (William Thomson)


unkempt | unkemptly | unkemptness | unkemptitude

Old English 'cempt', past participle of 'kemban' (to comb)


kens | beken | kenned | kenner | outken | misken


From Proto-Germanic *kennaną (to make known), from PIE *ǵneh₃- (to know)


kennels | kenneled | unkennel | enkennel | kenneling | kennelled

Middle English kennil, from kennel (a gutter or trough)


Greek prefix ken- or kenō- meaning 'empty' or 'void'


Old English 'cepan' 'to observe, comply with'


kerpow | kerboom | kerslap | kerplop | kerwham | kerflop

From Greek kēr 'throat, gullet, death' (related to kēr 'fate, doom'), often confused with keratos 'horn' in English borrowing.


carat | karat | cervid | cervine | cytokeratin | keratin | keratoplasty | keratotomy | keratose | rhinoceros | triceratops Variant Spellings: carat

keratosis | keratosic | dyskeratosis | parakeratosis | acrokeratosis | porokeratosis


keraunopathy | keraunograph | keraunographs | keraunophobia | keraunomedicine


kerbs | kerby | kerbside | kerbless | kerbstone | kerbsides

From Old English 'cyrre' meaning edge or border, related to 'cieran' (to turn).


A piece of cloth used to cover the head | a bandana | a type of head covering

kerchiefs | kerchiefed | neckerchief | handkerchief | neckerchiefs | headkerchief


kerns | kerned | kernite | kerning | kernish | unkerned

Old English 'cyrnel', diminutive of 'corn'


Old English cyrnel, diminutive of cærnel (grain, nut)


kerosenes | biokerosene | kerosenelike | biokerosenes


catcher, catchment, catchphrase, catchword

From the verb 'catch', derived from Old French 'cacher' or 'cietchier', ultimately from Frankish *kathhan.


ketchups | ketchuppy | ketchupless | ketchuplike

From Urdu 'kaccha' (raw, unripe) referring to the original uncooked tomato chutney, via Hindi 'ketchup' or Persian 'kachak' (sour).


ketose | ketosis | ketoses | ketoxime | ketoacid | ketoside

Greek keton (acetum/vinegar) via chemical nomenclature


state of ketone production | metabolic state

Greek 'ketos' (whale) + '-osis' (condition/process)


kettles | kettled | kettler | kettlers | teakettle | kettleful

Middle English ketel, from Old English cymel


keys | rekey | keyed | keyer | unkey | hotkey


lock | tool for opening | mechanism for fastening

Old English 'cæg' (latch, bolt, or lock)


brownish-yellow | yellowish-brown | dusty tan


From the endonym 'Khmêr', referring to the Khmer people and the Khmer language of Cambodia.


Hebrew kibbutz, from the root k-b-ts 'to gather'


Hebrew kibbutz (plural kibbutzim) 'group, gathering'


kicks | kicky | kicker | kicked | rekick | kickee

Middle English kiken, from Old English cician, from Proto-Germanic *kukjaną


a small wooden mess tub used by sailors to receive food | a term of endearment | a component in 'kidnap' (though the root's origin is different)

kids | kidz | kiddo | kidly | kideo | kidnap

From Old Norse 'kíta', meaning a tub or cask.


kidneys | kidneyed | kidneyless | kidneylike | kidneywort | kidneywood

Old English cnyfe/cneow (related to 'knee')


to cause to cease functioning | to destroy or neutralize | to end the effectiveness of something

kills | killer | killed | unkill | killjoy | killing


kilns | kilnman | limekiln | kilnlike | kilnhole | brickkiln


the number 1000 | a unit denoting one thousand | a multiplier indicating one thousand times a base unit

kilogram | Ns from Ns) kilobyte | kilojoule | kilowatt | kilobyte | kilometer | kilobar | kilocalorie | kiloton | kilograms (1000 grams) | kilobytes (1000 bytes) | kilometers (1000 meters)

kilobit | kiloton | kiloamp | kiloohm | kilobar | kilolux

Wikipedia | http://www.palosverdes.com/jesse/pvphs/www—freecollege—com—vocab.htm | MorphoQuantics | Cognatarium | https://www.ruf.rice.edu/~kemmer/Words04/ | Stein


kilts | kilted | kiltlike | minikilt | kiltless | unkilted

Past participle of Old English 'cwellan' (to kill), from Proto-Germanic '*kwallaną'.


diminutive, a small specimen of what is denoted by

a small version | representing the first element's meaning

bodkin | cannikin | catkin | lambkin | manikin | napkin | pannikin | ramekin | welkin (OE wolcen) | pumpkin

king | akin | kins | kings | alkin | kinly

Dutch diminutive-acc. -ken/-chen | 15th century-on | -kijn | -ken OED

diminutive-acc. -ken/-chen | 15th century-on | forming diminutives | corresp. to Middle Dutch -kijn | -ken OED


kinds | unkind | kindly | kinder | apekind | dogkind

Old English cynd (nature, lineage, race)


kindergarten, kindergarten teacher, kindergarten class

kindergartens | prekindergarten | nonkindergarten | prekindergartens | prekindergartener | prekindergarteners

Compound of Kind (child) + er (diminutive suffix) + Garten (garden)


kindled | kindles | kindler | rekindle | kindleth | kindlers

Middle English kindelen, related to kindle (to light)


Old English 'cyn' (kin, race, family) + '-red' (suffix/suffix-like element)


shift | action | motion | split | cinema | flick

kines | kinedom | kineyerd | kinemerk | kinepock | kinedoms

κινεῖν (kineîn) | κίνησις (kínēsis) | κίνημα (kínēma) | κίνησις(kínēsis) | κίνημα(kínēma) | Greek


move, movement, motion, division, film, movie

κινεῖν (kineîn), κίνησις (kínēsis), κίνημα (kínēma)


move | movement | motion | division | film | movie | ability to move or manipulate/control {prev}

akinesis | diakinesis | biokinesis | geokinesis | synkinesis | prokinesis


kinetics | akinetic | dikinetic | diakinetic | isokinetic | prokinetic


kingpin | kingcup | kinglet | Kingian | kingfish | Kingston

Old English cyning 'king, royal, or noble'


kingwood, kingwood tree, kingwood forest

Compound of 'king' (ruling, supreme) + 'wood' (timber, forest), likely coined in modern fantasy literature or gaming contexts to denote a powerful or royal timber.


To create a twist or bend | A bend or twist in a line or object | A state of being twisted

kinky | kinks | kinked | kinkle | unkink | dekink

From Old English 'cynce', meaning a twist.


beloved or small beloved | associated with the preceding group

babykins | Janeykins | Laurakins | Sallykins

-kijn | -ken OED | hypocoristic diminutive-degenoun

forming diminutives | corresp. to Middle Dutch -kijn | -ken | Variant of -kin suffix OED | hypocoristic diminutive-degenoun


kirks | kirkman | Kirkist | kirkyard | kirkyards | kirkgarth

Greek ekklesia 'assembly, church', from ek 'out' + kalein 'to call'


Middle High German kirsche, from Old French cerise, from Latin cerasum, from Greek kerásion 'cherry'


to touch with lips | affection | contact

kissy | kisses | kissed | kisser | unkiss | kissee


place for food preparation | cooking area

Old French 'cuisine' (kitchen), from Vulgar Latin 'coquina', from Latin 'coquere' (to cook)


a lightweight frame covered with fabric, flown on a string in the wind

kites | kited | kiter | kiters | kitesurf | polykite

Old English 'cīte' or 'cītan', of Germanic origin, related to Dutch 'kiet' and German 'Kite'.


kitschiness, kitschier, kitschiest, kitschify, kitschification

kitschy | kitschly | kitschily | unkitschy | kitschiness

German 'kitsch' (trash, junk), from Bavarian 'kitsch' or 'kitsche' (mess, dirt), possibly from Yiddish 'keshet' (filth)


kitteny | kittened | kittenish | kittening | bobkitten | kittenlike


From Latin 'cattus' meaning cat, likely of African or Asian origin.


Klanny | Klandom | Klansman | antiklan | Klannish | Klankraft

From Russian 'klan' (клан), borrowed from English 'clan', ultimately from Scottish Gaelic 'clann' meaning 'children' or 'offspring'.


klein, Kleiner, Kleinigkeit, verkleinern

Old High German 'clēn' meaning 'small, narrow', from Proto-Germanic '*klainaz'


take without permission | theft or pilfering | one who steals | the act of stealing

kleptocracy | kleptomania | kleptophobia | kleptoplasty | kleptomania Variant Spellings: clepsydra

κλέπτειν (kléptein) | κλέπτης (kléptēs) | Middle English knowen Old English cnawan


Greek klīnē 'bed' (via metaphorical extension to 'line of descent' or 'textual lineage')


knacks | knacky | knackish | knackless | knackiness

From Middle Dutch 'cnaecke' or 'knaecke' meaning 'knack, trick, skill', possibly related to Old English 'cnawan' (to know).


knaps | knappy | knapper | knapped | knappers | knapping

imitative of the sound of striking stone


knaves | knavery | beknave | knavess | beknaved | beknaves


kneads | kneader | kneaded | kneaders | kneading | kneadeth


kneel | knees | aknee | kneels | kneelo | kneeled


the sound of a bell | to ring slowly and solemnly

knells | knelled | knelling | unknelled | knellings

Old English cnell, related to the sound of a bell


to bend the knee | to depress the body by bending the knees

Old English 'cnēowlian' from 'cnēow' (knee)


to betray, particularly in political contexts | to deceive or undermine a group, especially in politics

knifes | knifer | knifers | knifeman | knifejaw | knifelike


knights | knightly | knighted | beknight | unknight | knightage


knits | unknit | reknit | beknit | enknit | inknit


knobs | knobby | knobble | knobbed | knobbly | knobber


knocks | knocky | knocker | knocked | knockoff | knocking

Middle English knokken, from imitative origin


knolls | knolly | microknoll | Maryknoller | microknolls

Middle English knoll, from Old English knoll


a fastening or tie made by interlacing strands | a group of people or things clustered together | a difficult or complicated situation

knotty | unknot | inknot | reknot | topknot | knotted


Named after Henry Knox, American military leader


knuckler | knuckled | knucklers | knuckleball | knucklehead | knucklebone

From Old English cnucol, knucol 'knuckle', of Germanic origin; related to Dutch knokel and German Knöchel.


cook, cookery, cookbook, cookware, overcook, undercook


Middle High German könig, from Old High German könig, from Proto-Germanic *kuningaz, from Proto-Indo-European *kun- 'to beget, produce'


From German Königsberg, literally 'King's Mountain', the former name of Kaliningrad.


koshers | unkosher | kosherly | nonkosher | kosherize | kosherized


to act in an excessively subservient manner | to bow low

kowtows | kowtowed | kowtower | kowtowing | kowtowers | kowtowings

from Cantonese 'koutau' (叩頭) meaning 'to knock head'


Old High German kraft, from Proto-Germanic *kraftuz, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH- 'to strike, hit'.


From Russian 'Kreml' (кремль), derived from Old East Slavic 'kremnь' meaning 'fortress' or 'citadel', likely of Turkic origin.


Latin 'corona' meaning 'wreath, garland, crown'


κῦδος (kûdos)


a small, orange citrus fruit native to Asia | a type of citrus (Citrus japonica) | a fruit commonly eaten whole


Japanese honorific suffix derived from the noun 'kuni' (country/region), originally indicating a person from one's own region or a close associate.


Kurdish | Kurdistan | Kurdistani | Kurdishness

From Persian 'kurd' (کُرد) meaning 'nomad' or 'tribesman', historically referring to the Kurdish people.


kymogram | kymograph | kymograms | kymographs | kymography | kymographic


Kyoto, Kyoto Prefecture, Kyoto University

From Japanese 京都 (Kyōto), meaning 'capital city'.


clutch | capture | acquire | to obtain | to retain

laboratory, collaborate, elaborate, elaborate, elaborate

labs | sealab | skylab | nonlab | prelab | biolab

Greek lab- (form of lamban- 'to take, seize')


glide | slide unintentionally | lip | wobble | slide | drop

collapse | collapsible | elapse | labile | lapse | prolapse | relapse | labefaction | labellum | labia | labial | labialize | labiate | labiodental | labionasal | labiovelar | labret | labrum

Cognatarium | https://www.ruf.rice.edu/~kemmer/Words04/ | Wikidata


labels | labeled | relabel | labeler | labelled | labeling

From Old French 'labelle' or 'label', possibly of Germanic origin, meaning a tag or slip of paper.


bilabial, bilabiate, infralabial, labial, labiate, labium, sublabial, supralabial

labials | bilabial | labially | illabial | exolabial | bilabials


illabile | nonlabile | hemilabile | photolabile | thermolabile | stereolabile

Latin labilis 'slippery, sliding', from labi 'to slip, slide'


effortful activity | strenuous effort | physical strain

collaborate | collaboration | collaborative | collaborator | elaborate | elaboration | elaborative | elaborator | labor | laboratory | laborious

labors | laborer | labored | laborers | laboring | laborist


labradorite | Labradorian | labradorites


maze | complex structure | confusing network

labyrinths | labyrinthal | labyrinthic | labyrinthine | labyrinthian | labyrinthlike


lacs | shellac | lacwork | seedlac | shellacs | lacworks


laced | lacer | unlace | relace | lacers | lacery


Latin laceratus, past participle of lacerare 'to tear to pieces', from lacer 'torn'


Lacerta, lacertilian Variant Spellings: lizard


eye fluid | duct for eye secretions | crying | eye fluids

laceration | lachrymose | lacrimal | lacrimation


alack | lacks | lacker | lacked | lacking | lackers

Old English laccian 'to fail, be wanting'


careless | lazy | indifferent | listless

From French 'lackadaisical', derived from 'lackadaisy' (a mock-heroic term for a fop or dandy, possibly from 'lack-a-day'), with the suffix '-ic'.


lacquers | lacquered | lacquerer | relacquer | lacquering | lacquerers

Malay 'lak' (resin) via Portuguese 'laca'


weeping | eye moisture | liquid droplet | tear passage

lachrymal | lachrymose | lachrymosity | lacrimal | lacrimation | lacrimator | lacrimatory | lacrimous


derived from Abenaki/Algonquian word 'la crosse'


lactation, lactose, lactobacillus, lacteal


to secrete milk | to produce milk | to relate to milk secretion

lactates | lactated | dilactate | dilactates | homolactate

Derived from Latin 'lac-' meaning 'milk'


alactic | homolactic | polylactic | malolactic | lacticaemia | saccholactic

Latin lac (genitive lactis) meaning 'milk'


Greek 'laktos' (milk) + '-ose' (chemical suffix)


lacuna | lacunose | lacustrine Variant Spellings: lagoon | lagoon


Latin lacuna 'gap, pit, hollow', from lacus 'lake, pool'


lads | laddy | ladsy | laddie | ladkin | merlad

Middle English laden Old English hladan : to lade, to load


From Old English 'lædder', related to 'lædan' (to lead) and 'hladan' (to load), originally referring to a device for leading or climbing up.


a structure of steps for climbing | a series of successive stages

ladderanes | ladderings | unladdered | ladderways | laddergrams | ladderbacks


Old English 'geladen' (past participle of 'geladen' 'to load')


ladybird, ladybug, ladylike, ladyship, mylady

milady | ladyfy | belady | ladybug | ladyboy | ladyish

Old English 'lædige' (wife, lady, mistress of the house), from Proto-Germanic '*ladijō', from '*ladaz' (way, path, manner, condition)


lags | laggy | lagged | lagger | netlag | lagging

Proto-Germanic *lagaz "layer, deposit" (from PIE *legh- "to lie down")


German 'groß' (big) + '-er' (comparative suffix), literally 'larger'


zoolagnia | algolagnia | pyrolagnia | osmolagnia | anililagnia | algolagniac


ordinary individuals | the general populace


Greek lalia : speech lalein : to talk, to prattle


Old English 'leger' (bed, resting place)


lay people | non-clergy | non-professionals

Latin laicus, from Greek laikos 'of the people'


a large body of water surrounded by land

laker | lakes | laked | Laker | lakers | lakebed

From Proto-Germanic *lakahą, from PIE *lǵʰ- 'to lick, lap up'


a speech disorder defined by the first element's meaning | verbal communication

glossolalia | idiolalia | echolalia | Eulalia

alalia | dyslalia | neolalia | echolalia | xenolalia | palilalia

Greek -lalia (speech) from lalein 'to speak'


lamaic | lamaism | lamaist | lamaists | lamaistic

From Quechua 'llama', referring to the animal native to the Andes.


lambs | lamby | lamber | lambed | lambie | lambkin


the Greek letter corresponding to the symbol Λ


flat, thin segment | thin covering | stratum

lamella, lamellibranch, lamellicorn, lamelliform

Latin lamella, diminutive of lamina 'plate, layer'


express sorrow | cry out loudly | shed tears

lament | lament (weep) | lamentations (weepings | regrets) | lamentable (able to be wept over | regretable)

laments | lamented | lamenter | lamenting | lamenters | lamentful

Latin lāmentum 'wailing, lamentation', from lāmentārī 'to wail, lament'


slender stratum | section | tier | flat piece | pane

bilaminar | laminate | lamination | laminose | laminous | multilaminar | trilaminar | unilaminar | bilamellate | lame | lamé | lamella | lamellar | lamellate | omelet | omelette | lamina | laminar | laminitis

Latin laminus 'thin plate' or lamina 'thin plate, layer'


layer | thin sheet | to spread in layers

laminated | laminates | delaminate | bilaminate | laminately | eulaminate

Latin laminatus, past participle of laminare 'to plate with metal', from lamina 'thin plate, layer'


lamp | lamprid | Lampris | eclampsia | lampion Variant Spellings: lantern | lantern

lamps | lamper | relamp | lamping | sunlamp | lampers


lampoons | lampooned | lampooner | lampoonry | lampooning | lampooners


Lana, lanate, laniferous, lanolin, lanose, lanugo


lances | lanced | Klance | lanceth | lancely | unlanced


Latin 'lanceta', diminutive of 'lancea' (spear, javelin)


aland | lands | island | lander | inland | landed

From Proto-Germanic *landą, from Proto-Indo-European *lendʰ- 'land, ground'. Cognate with Old English land, Old High German land, Old Norse land.


Derived from the verb 'land' + agentive suffix '-er' (from Old English -ere), with the plural '-s'. The form '-landers-' in the record likely represents the stem 'lander' used in compound contexts or a specific morphological analysis of the plural stem.


Derived from Latin -landia, a feminine suffix used to form place names, ultimately from the Latin word 'terra' (land) or 'lana' (wool/region) via Vulgar Latin or Romance languages, often associated with the concept of 'land of' or 'place'.


long, longer, longest, length, lengthy, prolong, elongate


exhausted | lacking strength | drowsy | weak | listless

Latin languere 'to be weak, faint, be weary'


language | speech | system of communication

languages | slanguage | languaged | languager | slanguages | urlanguage


languids | languidly | unlanguid | languidness

Latin languidus 'limp, sluggish', from languere 'to be weak, faint'


to grow weak | to lose vitality | to decline

languished | languisher | languishing | languishers | languisheth | languishest


languors | languorous | languorously | languorousness

Latin languere 'to be weak, faint, be sluggish'


to wander. Used for animals that are found in most places around continents.

Examples: Meiolania ("weak wanderer"); Megalania ("great wanderer")

ἀλαίνειν (alaínein)


lanky | lanks | lankly | lanken | lankily | lankens

Middle English lank, possibly of Scandinavian origin


From French 'lanière' meaning 'strap' or 'thong', derived from the verb 'lainer' (to strip or peel).


Geographic, Demonym, Proper Noun Derivation

From Greek Laodikeia, the name of an ancient city in Asia Minor.


a fold, flap, or hanging part of a garment

a crease, panel, or drape on clothing | a loose, hanging section of fabric | a folded edge in apparel

dewlap, lap (all senses except to lap up a liquid, as a dog, or to make this sound), lapel, lappet, overlap, lapstrake

laps | belap | unlap | onlap | lappet | burlap

Proto-Indo-European *leip- 'to stick, adhere' (cf. Latin lippus 'damp, sticky' and English lip, leaf)


of or pertaining to the abdominal wall, flank

laparotomy | laparocele | laparoscope | laparoscopy | laparotomic | laparoceles


French 'revers de la manche' or related to 'revers'


dilapidate | dilapidation | lapidarian | lapidary | lapidate | lapidation | lapidator | lapideous | lapidescence | lapidescent | lapidicolous | lapidification | lapillation | lapilli


a decorative flap or frill | a lobe of a leaf

From Old French 'lape' meaning 'lap, fold, flap', of Germanic origin.


lapser | lapses | lapsed | lapsers | lapseth | unlapsed

Latin lapsus, past participle of labi 'to slip, glide'


larcenist | larcenous | larcenies | larcenists | larcenously

Latin furcifer 'thief' (from fur 'thief' + fer 'bearer'), via Old French larcin


From Old English lǣrce, from Proto-Germanic *larkiz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ler- 'to be red' (referring to the reddish-brown bark).


lardy | lards | lardo | larded | lardos | enlard


larders | larderer | larderers | larderhoard | larderhoards


larger | larges | largen | largely | inlarge | largens


a period of carefree enjoyment | a playful prank or joke

larks | larky | larker | larked | skylark | larking

From Old English 'larc' meaning 'play, frolic, sport', related to 'leornian' (to learn) via the notion of playful activity.


prolarva | larvacide | paralarva | postlarva | larvacides

Latin larva 'ghost, mask, plague spirit'


larvally | nonlarval | postlarval | antilarval | interlarval | larvalization

Latin 'larva' meaning 'ghost' or 'mask', later referring to the larval stage of insects


laryngeal, laryngectomy, laryngismus, laryngitis, laryngopharyngitis, laryngopharynx, laryngoscope, laryngospasm


larynxes | hyolarynx | orolarynx | epilarynx | endolarynx | hypolarynx


Latin lascivus 'playful, wanton', of uncertain origin, possibly related to lascire 'to be wanton'.


light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation

lasers | laserjet | lasergun | nonlaser | laserist | nanolaser

acronym for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation


lasher | lashes | lashed | unlash | tolash | belash

Middle English lasch, related to lash (whip)


Middle English 'lashen', related to 'lash'


Latin lassitudo (weariness), from lassus (tired, weary)


lassoes | lassoed | lassoer | unlasso | lassoing | lassoers


final | following all others | most recent

lasts | laster | lastly | lasted | belast | unlast

Old English læst "track, footprint, course"


extensive | spacious | transport | to move or support | to endure | slender strip

laticlave | latifoliate | latifundium | latitude | latitudinal | latitudinarian | latitudinous | ablate | ablative | collate | collation | correlate | dilatory | elate | legislate | oblate | oblation | prelate | prolate | relate | relation | relative | superlative | translate | dilatation | dilate | vasodilator | lath | lattice

Cognatarium | http://www.palosverdes.com/jesse/pvphs/www—freecollege—com—vocab.htm | https://www.ruf.rice.edu/~kemmer/Words04/


latched | latches | unlatch | relatch | latchkey | latching

Old English 'læccan' 'to fasten, to catch'


Latin late(n)- 'lying hidden', present participle stem of latēre 'to lie hidden'


hidden | lying | being | state of being inactive

Latin 'latens', present participle of 'latere' meaning 'to lie hidden, be concealed'


Latin latens, present participle of latēre 'to lie hidden, be concealed'


ambilateral | ambilaterality | bilateral | bilaterality | collateral | contralateral | equilateral | extralateral | inequilateral | ipsilateral | lateral | laterality | matrilateral | multilateral | nonlateral | patrilateral | plurilateral | quadrilateral | semilatus | septilateral | trilateral | unilateral


From Latin -lātor, agent noun suffix derived from the past participle stem of verbs ending in -lāre (frequentative of -ere), meaning 'one who does'.


bilateral, collateral, equilateral, ipsilateral, lateral, trilateral, unilateral

laterals | bilateral | laterally | trilateral | isolateral | lateralize


Latin later 'brick' + -ite (suffix denoting stone or mineral)


latex, latex-based, latex-free, latex glove, latex paint

latexes | nonlatex | latexwear | nanolatex | latexosis

Latin 'lātex' (genitive 'lactis') meaning 'sap' or 'milk', referring to the milky sap of the rubber tree.


lathes | lathed | unlathed | cryolathe | lathelike | lathework

Latin 'lathus' (a trough, plank, or lathe), from 'latus' (side, plank)


Middle English 'lather', related to 'lathering' (to foam)


Relating to the language of ancient Rome | Pertaining to the Latin script | Associated with the Latin alphabet

Latiner | Latinize | Latinate | Latindom | Latinless | Latinophobe

Derived from Latin, referring to the language of ancient Rome.


angular distance | position north or south of the equator

latitudes | colatitude | colatitudes | midlatitude | geolatitude | midlatitudes

Latin latitudo (width, breadth, extent) from latus (broad, wide)


Latin laud- 'praise', from laudare 'to praise'


act of worshiping | overzealous attachment to the concept represented by the initial component

anthropolatry | arborolatry | astrolatry | bardolatry | bibliolatry | cosmolatry | diabolatry | gyneolatry | hagiolatry | heliolatry | hierolatry | ichthyolatry | iconolatry | idiolatry | idolatry

zoölatry | zoolatry | geolatry | neolatry | autolatry | pyrolatry

-latry', comb. form, taken from 'idolatry' ... λατρεία  service, worship OED


Old English lætra, comparative of læt 'late'


interconnected structure | network | grid

latticed | lattices | sublattice | nonlattice | unlatticed | latticework

Latin 'latus' (side, flank) via Medieval Latin 'lattice' (trellis, framework)


applaud | laud | laudable | laudanum | laudation | Lauds | plaudits | laudatory | magna cum laude | summa cum laude

lauds | lauder | lauded | belaud | lauding | lauders

Latin laud- 'praised', past participle stem of laudare 'to praise'


to express amusement or joy | to make a sound

laughs | laughy | laugher | laughed | unlaugh | belaugh

From Proto-Germanic *hlahjaną, from PIE *klew- 'to hear' (originally 'to hear one's own laughter' or 'to cry out')


the act or sound of laughing | expression of mirth

laughters | prelaughter | laughterful | laughterless | laughtersome | horselaughter


to set in motion | to send forth | to begin

launched | launcher | launches | relaunch | launching | launchers


launders | launderer | laundered | relaunder | laundering | launderers

Middle French 'launder' or 'laundrer' from 'launder' (to wash)


evergreen tree with aromatic leaves | plant used in ceremonial crowns

baccalaureate, Laura, laureate, laurel, Laurence (Lawrence), lauric


Latin laureatus, past participle of laureare 'to crown with laurel'


laurels | laureled | laurelled | unlaureled | laurelling | laurellings