ferrying | ferryman | ferryboat | ferryings | ferryboats | ferrywoman


fruitful | productive | capable of producing offspring

unfertile | fertilely | nonfertile | subfertile | semifertile | postfertile

Latin fertilis, from ferre 'to bear, carry'


intense heat | radiate warmth | heat vigorously | sour process

ferment | fervent | fervid | fervor | perfervid | effervesce | effervescent | perfervid Variant Spellings: ferment

Cognatarium | http://www.palosverdes.com/jesse/pvphs/www—freecollege—com—vocab.htm | Wikidata


fervidly | perfervid | perfervidly | perfervidness

Latin fervidus, from fervere 'to boil, seethe'


speak | talk | to admit | to declare | verbal exchange

confess | profess | confession | professional | professor


derivational suffix affix bound morpheme

banquet | ceremony | assembly | event | special occasion or informal gathering | celebration

festival | festive | feast | rockfest | songfest | talkfest | festal | festivity | festoon | Oktoberfest Variant Spellings: feast | fete | fiesta

fests | gabfest | hugfest | fanfest | funfest | sexfest

German 'Fest' (celebration) < Middle High German 'veste' (enclosure, stronghold)


to decay | to rot | to become infected | to intensify (of negative emotions)

festers | festered | festering | festerous | festerment | festerings

Middle English fester, related to 'fist' (swelling)


festoons | festoony | festooned | festooning | festoonery | festoonings


emit an offensive odor | having an unpleasant scent

fetid | fetor | asafetida | fetid (also sp. foetid)


fetched | fetcher | fetches | fetchers | prefetch | farfetch


From Latin festa (plural of festum) meaning 'feast' or 'festival', derived from festus meaning 'joyful' or 'festive'.


emit an offensive odor | exude a noxious scent


an object believed to have spiritual or magical powers | a charm or amulet | a thing considered to confer supernatural influence

fetishy | fetishes | fetishism | fetishist | fetishize | fetishise


the joint on the leg of a horse, just above the hoof

From Old English fetloc, from fet 'foot' + loc 'joint, fold'


fetology | fetoscope | fetotoxic | fetoscopy | fetofetal | fetometry

Latin fetu- (past participle stem of fero 'to bear, carry') + -o (noun-forming suffix)


fettered | unfetter | enfetter | fetterer | befetter | fettering

Old English feter/feterre 'shackle, fetter'


feuds | feuded | feuder | feuding | feudist | feuders


fewer | fewly | fewness | fewfold | fewscore | fewnesses


Latin diffidere 'to distrust', from dis- 'apart' + fidere 'to trust'


Old French 'fiance' from 'fiancer' 'to pledge, trust'


let it be done | by decree | authoritative command

Latin 'fiat' third person singular present subjunctive of 'fieri' (to become, to be made)


fiberglass, fibrosis, fibroblast, fibrous

fibber | fibbed | outfib | fibbing | fibbers | fibster


fibers | fibery | fibered | defiber | myofiber | fiberize


thread-like in structure | composed of fibers | state of being fibrous

fibroadenoma | fibroblast | fibrocalcific | fibrocartilage | fibrocartilaginous | fibroid | fibroma | fibromyositis | fibrosis | fibrositis | fibrosity | fibrous | fibre-optic | fibreoptic | fibril | fibrillate | fibrillation | fibrillose | fibrin | fibrinase | fibrinogen | fibrinolysis | fibrinopeptide | fibrinous | fibro-vascular

fibroma | fibroid | fibromas | fibroids | fibrosis | fibrotic


fibular | talofibular | tibiofibula | tibiofibular | tibiofibulas | ischiofibular

Latin fibula 'brooch, clasp', possibly from PIE *bheudh- 'to pierce'


fics | badfic | ficlet | hetfic | genfic | kidfic


derivational | derivational suffix affix bound morpheme

do, make, shape, fashion, face, form, figure, effect, noun of action or associated state

affair | affect | affectation | amplify | artifact | artifice | benefactor | benefice | benefit | confection | counterfeit | defeat | defect | disaffect | edifice | effect | effectible | effection | effective | effectivity | effector | effectual | effectuality | effectuate | effectuation | efficacious | efficacity | efficacy | efficiency | efficient | enface | enfacement | facade/façade | face | facet | facette | facial | faciend | facient | facile | facilitate | facilitation | facilitative | facilitator | facilitatory | facility | facinorous | facsimile | fact | faction | factional | factionary | factious | factitious | factor | factorable | factorial | factory | factotum | factual | fake | fashion | feasible | feat | feature | feckless | fiat | forfeit | infect | inofficious | interoffice | laissez-faire | malefaction | manufacture | modify | nonofficial | office | official | officiant | officiary | officiate | officious | olfaction | omnificence | omnificent | parfait | perfect | perfecta | perfectibility | perfectible | perfection | perfective | perfector | pluperfect | prefect | prefectural | prefecture | prequalification | proficiency | proficient | profit | profitability | profitable | profiteer | profiterole | prolific | qualification | quasiperfect | rarefy | refactorable | refashion | refect | refection | refectory | reinfect | remanufacture | resurface | reunification | sacrifice | scientific | semelfactive | suboffice | subprefect | suffice | sufficiency | sufficient | superficial | superficiality | surface | surfeit | surficial | transfection | trifacial | trifecta | uniface | unifacial | unifactorial | unification | fiction | faint | feign | specific | benefaction | calefaction | dissatisfaction | liquefaction | patefaction | petrifaction | clarification | classification | codification

affair, affect, affectation, amplify, artifact, artifice, benefactor, benefice, benefit, confection, counterfeit, defeat, defect, disaffect, edifice, effect, effectible, effection, effective, effectivity, effector, effectual, effectuality, effectuate, effectuation, efficacious, efficacity, efficacy, efficiency, efficient, enface, enfacement, facade/façade, face, facet, facette, facial, faciend, facient, facile, facilitate, facilitation, facilitative, facilitator, facilitatory, facility, facinorous, facsimile, fact, faction, factional, factionary, factious, factitious, factor, factorable, factorial, factory, factotum, factual, fake, fashion, feasible, feat, feature, feckless, fiat, forfeit, infect, inofficious, interoffice, laissez-faire, malefaction, manufacture, modify, nonofficial, office, official, officiant, officiary, officiate, officious, olfaction, omnificence, omnificent, parfait, perfect, perfecta, perfectibility, perfectible, perfection, perfective, perfector, pluperfect, prefect, prefectural, prefecture, prequalification, proficiency, proficient, profit, profitability, profitable, profiteer, profiterole, prolific, qualification, quasiperfect, rarefy, refactorable, refashion, refect, refection, refectory, reinfect, remanufacture, resurface, reunification, sacrifice, scientific, semelfactive, suboffice, subprefect, suffice, sufficiency, sufficient, superficial, superficiality, surface, surfeit, surficial, transfection, trifacial, trifecta, uniface, unifacial, unifactorial, unification, fiction, faint, feign, scientific, specific, benefaction, calefaction, dissatisfaction, liquefaction, malefaction, olfaction, patefaction, petrifaction, clarification, classification, codification

uglification | citification | mummification | yuppification | dandification | Oprahfication


French fiche 'slip, ticket, card', from Old French fiche 'peg, spike'


From Latin -fic-, variant of facere 'to make, do'


create | define | perform | construct | forge

fingere ~to touch, handle; devise; fabricate, alter, change~


separate into parts | divided according to the initial element's count | break apart | split forcefully | partition

bifid | palmatifid | pedatifid | pinnatifid | quadrifid | trifid

Latin -fidus, past participle suffix of findere 'to split, cleave'


to play a stringed instrument | to fidget | to manipulate aimlessly

fiddler | fiddles | fiddled | fiddlers | fiddleth | fiddlehead


confidante | confidence | confident | diffident | faith | fealty | fidelity | fiduciary | infidel | perfidious | perfidy

fidēs ~faith | trust~ | from fidere ~to trust~


to make small, irregular movements | to be restless

From Middle Dutch 'fiden' (to fidget, move restlessly), possibly related to Old English 'fēdan' (to feed) via the notion of 'fretting' or wearing away.


land | estate | territory held under feudalism


fields | afield | fieldy | fielder | infield | fielded


fiends | fiendy | fiendly | fiendom | fiendish | fiendful

Old English fēond 'enemy, Satan', from Proto-Germanic *fijand- 'hating', from *fij- 'to hate'


Latin -fītor, agent noun suffix derived from the past participle stem of verbs ending in -fī (from -fī, perf. of -fiō 'to become, to be made'), ultimately from PIE *bʰuH- 'to become, be'


Intimidating in appearance or behavior | Displaying aggression or hostility | Terrifying in look or demeanor

fiercen | fiercely | fiercens | unfierce | effierced | enfierced

Derived from Latin 'ferox', meaning 'fierce' or 'wild'.


fifteen, fifty, fifth, fifteenth, fifteenths

Old English fif, from Proto-Germanic *fimf, from Proto-Indo-European *pempe


figure, fiction, figment, figural, figuration

figs | figgy | figged | figleaf | figwort | figless


to engage in combat | to oppose physically | to contest with someone

fights | fighty | fighter | refight | fighted | befight


figurative, configuration, figurehead, figural

figured | figures | figurer | figurers | refigure | defigure

Latin figura 'shape, form, figure', from fingere 'to form, fashion'


defile | filament | file | filigree | fillet | profile | filter | filet | filibuster


thin thread | fine fiber | slender strand

filaments | filamented | cofilament | filamental | filamentous | filamentary


filched | filcher | filching | filchers | filchings | filchingly

Origin unknown, possibly from dialectal 'filch' meaning to steal, or related to 'filcher'


filed | files | filer | defile | filers | refile

Latin 'filum' meaning 'thread', later extended to mean a written record or document.


French 'filet', diminutive of 'fil' 'thread'


affiliation | affiliate | filial | filicide | filioque | filial (adj) (of son or daughter) | filial piety (respect of son or daughter)


filially | unfilial | nonfilial | filialness | unfilially | unfilialness


filibusters | filibustered | filibusterer | filibustering | filibusterers | filibusterism

Spanish filibustero "pirate, freebooter"


From Spanish 'Filipinas', named after King Philip II of Spain.


upfill | filler | filled | refill | unfill | infill


a thin slice of meat or fish | to remove bones from

fillets | filleted | filleter | filleting | filleters | unfilleted

Old French 'filet', diminutive of 'fil' 'thread'


films | filmy | filmic | filmed | filmer | infilm

Latin 'film' meaning 'thin skin, membrane'


filter, filtration, filtering, unfiltered

filters | filtered | filterer | refilter | filtering | filterers

Latin filtrum 'felt' (used for straining cheese)


Old English fylth, from fylthan 'to defile'


separate substances by passing through a medium | remove impurities from a liquid or gas | allow certain elements to pass while blocking others | purify or refine a substance | selectively admit or exclude components

filter, filtrate, filtration, infiltrate

Latin filtrum 'felt' (used in fulling cloth)


termination | restriction | edge | cease

affinity | confine | define | final | finale | finance | fine | finish | finite | infinite | refine | indefinite | finesse | definitive | ad infinitum | affine | definite | definition | fine (all senses) | fin de siècle | finery | finial | infinitesimal | infinitive | infinity | paraffin | confinement

finny | bowfin | finned | finlet | finner | bigfin


finals | finally | cofinal | unfinal | finalize | finalist

Latin 'finalis' meaning 'of the end', derived from 'finis' (end, boundary)


money | management of funds | monetary affairs

finance, financing, financier, refinance

finances | financer | financed | refinance | financers | cofinance

Old French 'finance' (payment, end, settlement)


finches | hawfinch | redfinch | cowfinch | chaffinch | goldfinch

Middle English finch, from Old English fince


finds | finder | refind | befind | finded | finding


fined | fines | refine | finely | unfine | refined


skillfulness | subtlety | delicacy | finesse

finesse, fineness, refine, finish, final

finessed | finesses | finesser | finessers | outfinesse | outfinessed

Old French 'finesse' from 'fin' 'fine, delicate'


fingere ~to touch, handle; devise; fabricate, alter, change~


digit | extremity of the hand | manual appendage

fingery | fingered | fingerer | befinger | fingertip | fingering

From Proto-Germanic *fingraz, from Proto-Indo-European *pn̥ǵḱs (foot, toe)


fastidious | difficult to please | fussy

From Middle Dutch 'finic' or 'finen' meaning 'to finish, complete', related to the concept of being particular about details or finishing touches.


infinite, definitive, final, finalize, infinite


finisht | finished | finishes | refinish | finisher | unfinish

Old French 'finir' 'to end, finish', from Latin 'finire' 'to finish, limit'


From Old English 'finnian' meaning 'to think, consider, imagine', related to 'fencan' (to fight/struggle in thought).


Proper noun derived from the endonym 'Suomi' or the Swedish 'Finland', referring to the country in Northern Europe.


fire, fireplace, firefighter, wildfire, firefly

firs | firry | firless | firlike | firmoss | firwood

Element, Natural Phenomenon, Core concept

Old English 'fȳr', from Proto-Germanic '*fūraz', from Proto-Indo-European '*péh₂wr̥'


affirm | confirm | confirmation | firm | firmament | infirm | infirmary | affirmative | terra firma Variant Spellings: farm | farm

firms | firmly | firmer | firmed | unfirm | firming


firmament, firm, firmness, confirm, confirmatory

firmaments | firmamental | unfirmamented

Latin firmamentum 'a support, firmness', from firmus 'firm, strong'


firsts | firstly | firstie | firster | webfirst | firstborn

Old English fyrst 'first, foremost', from Proto-Germanic *furistaz (superlative of *fura 'before'), from Proto-Indo-European *pró 'forward, before'


Latin fiscus 'basket, purse, public treasury'


fiscals | fiscally | nonfiscal | fiscalism | fiscalist | parafiscal


fishy | fisho | fishes | fisher | fished | fishie

Proto-Germanic *fiskaz, from Proto-Indo-European *peiskos, from *peisk- 'to cut, slice'


separate | divide | split apart | divide | divide | rupture

fission | fissure | fissile | fissiparous | fissiped | fissirostral


Latin fissilis 'splitting', from findere 'to split'


fissions | fissional | nonfission | fissionist | fissionable | hemifission


fissured | unfissured | fissurelike | fissureless | nonfissured | microfissure


fists | fisty | unfist | fistic | fister | fistee

Proto-Germanic *fistuz, from Proto-Indo-European *peys- 'to press, crush'


perform | create | construct | mold | confront | arrange | manifest | noun indicating an action or condition | execute | produce

affair | affect | affectation | amplify | artifact | artifice | benefactor | benefice | benefit | confection | counterfeit | defeat | defect | disaffect | edifice | effect | effectible | effection | effective | effectivity | effector | effectual | effectuality | effectuate | effectuation | efficacious | efficacity | efficacy | efficiency | efficient | enface | enfacement | facade/façade | face | facet | facette | facial | faciend | facient | facile | facilitate | facilitation | facilitative | facilitator | facilitatory | facility | facinorous | facsimile | fact | faction | factional | factionary | factious | factitious | factor | factorable | factorial | factory | factotum | factual | fake | fashion | feasible | feat | feature | feckless | fiat | forfeit | infect | inofficious | interoffice | laissez-faire | malefaction | manufacture | modify | nonofficial | office | official | officiant | officiary | officiate | officious | olfaction | omnificence | omnificent | parfait | perfect | perfecta | perfectibility | perfectible | perfection | perfective | perfector | pluperfect | prefect | prefectural | prefecture | prequalification | proficiency | proficient | profit | profitability | profitable | profiteer | profiterole | prolific | qualification | quasiperfect | rarefy | refactorable | refashion | refect | refection | refectory | reinfect | remanufacture | resurface | reunification | sacrifice | scientific | semelfactive | suboffice | subprefect | suffice | sufficiency | sufficient | superficial | superficiality | surface | surfeit | surficial | transfection | trifacial | trifecta | uniface | unifacial | unifactorial | unification | fiction | faint | feign | specific | benefaction | calefaction | dissatisfaction | liquefaction | patefaction | petrifaction | clarification | classification | codification | comfit | discomfiture

fits | befit | unfit | fitly | refit | fitted


fives | fived | Fiver | fiveth | fiveish | fiveway


affix | fix | fixation | fixture | prefix | suffix | transfix | antefix | crucifix | fixative | fixings | idée fixe | infix | prix fixe | transfix Variant Spellings: crucify | crucify

fixt | affix | fixed | fixer | fixes | unfix

Latin fixus, past participle of figere 'to fasten, fix'


afflatus | conflate | deflate | flatulence | flatus | flavor | flute | inflate | insufflation | soufflé | sufflate


to expel air forcefully | to inhale and exhale


flaccidly | flaccidity | nonflaccid | subflaccid | flaccidness | flaccidities

Latin flaccidus 'limp, flabby', from flaccus 'limp, flabby'


reflag | unflag | flaggy | flagger | flagged | flagman


flagellant | flagellate | flagellated | flagellated_cell | flagellation | flagellum | flagelliform | phytoflagellate | zooflagellate Variant Spellings: flail | flog | flail

From Latin flagellum, diminutive of flagrum meaning 'whip'


Latin flagellatus, past participle of flagellare 'to whip', from flagellum 'whip'


French 'flageolet', diminutive of 'flageolet' (small flute)


conflagration | flagrant | deflagration | in flagrante delicto | flammable


Latin flagrans (present participle of flagrare) 'to burn, blaze'


flails | flaily | flailed | flailing | flailings | flailsome

Middle English flaylen, related to flail (the tool)


Middle French 'flair' (scent, sense, or knack)


a barrage of explosive projectiles | anti-aircraft fire

German 'Flak' (short for Fliegerabwehrkanone, meaning 'aircraft defense cannon')


French 'flamboyance' from 'flamboyer' (to flame)


aflame | flamer | flamed | inflame | flamers | reflame


The electronic sound distortion produced by a flanger | A type of audio effect created by modulating the phase of an audio signal

flanges | flanged | flanger | flangers | flangeway | flangeways

from French flange, from Latin flangere meaning to beat


flanks | flanked | flanker | outflank | flankers | outflanks


flannels | flannelly | flanneled | flannelled | flannelette | flannellike

Middle English via Welsh flannel (flanell)


to beat | to strike | to move with a fluttering motion

flaps | flappy | flapper | earflap | flapped | mudflap

imitative of the sound of a striking motion


to set on fire | to burn | to cause to glow

aflare | flares | flarer | flareth | flarest | unflare

Latin flamma 'flame' (from fluere 'to flow')


a sudden burst of light | a sudden occurrence | to move with great speed

flashy | aflash | flasher | flashed | flashes | reflash


flasks | flaskful | flasklet | flasklike | flaskless | flaskfuls


emit air forcefully | expand by adding air | take in and expel air

afflatus | conflation | deflate | flatulent | flatus | inflate | insufflate Variant Spellings: soufflé | inflation | soufflé

flats | aflat | flatly | flatty | flatbed | flatter

Latin flat- 'blown', past participle stem of flare 'to blow'


inflation, deflation, disinflation, insufflation, reflation, stagflation, globflation

From Latin -flātiō, from flāre 'to blow'


to praise excessively | to deceive through praise

flatter, flattering, flattered, flatterer

flattery | flattered | unflatter | unflattered | outflatters | unflattering

Middle English 'flateren', possibly from Old French 'flatter'


The state of having trapped gas in the digestive system | the act of passing gas | a smelly emission from the digestive tract

Derived from Latin 'flatulentia', meaning the act of blowing or puffing.


Latin flatulentus, from flatu- 'blowing' (past participle stem of flare 'to blow') + -ulentus 'full of'


flaunts | aflaunt | flaunted | flaunter | flaunting | flaunters

From Old French 'flaunter' meaning to boast or brag, of unknown origin.


flavonoid | acriflavine | flavescent | flavin | flavone | flavoprotein | riboflavin unrelated: flavor


Old French 'flaour' (scent, fragrance, taste)


flaws | flawy | flawed | flawing | flawless | unflawed

Old French flaw (a fragment, a piece of broken pottery)


flaxy | flaxen | flaxes | toadflax | flaxseed | flaxlike

From Proto-Germanic *flahsam, from PIE *pleh₁- 'to weave, plait'


flays | flayed | flayer | beflay | flaying | flayers

Old English flæsc (flesh) or flægan (to fly/strip)


fleas | beflea | deflea | fleabag | fleabags | sandflea


flèche | fléchette | parfleche Variant Spellings: fletcher | fletcher

Old French flèche, from Latin sagitta (arrow) via Frankish *flahō (to strike, hence 'arrow' as a striking object)


flecks | flecky | flecked | befleck | flecking | beflecks

Middle English flecken, from Old English fleccan 'to sprinkle, scatter', of Germanic origin; related to Dutch vlek and German Fleck 'spot'.


reflect | genuflect | circumflex | deflect | flex | flexible | flexile | flexion | flexor | genuflection | inflect | inflection | reflection | reflex | deflection


to develop feathers | to emerge | to grow

fledged | fledges | unfledged | fledgeless


fleets | fleeted | fleetly | nonfleet | subfleet | fleetness

Old English 'flēot' (a sailing vessel) or 'flēotian' (to float/flow)


fleshy | fleshed | fleshly | fleshes | flesher | unflesh

From Old English flesc, from Proto-Germanic *flaiskaz, from Proto-Indo-European *pleh1- "to flatten, spread out".


fletcherite | fletcherize | Fletcherite | Fletcherist

Middle English fletcher, from Old French fleche 'arrow'


curve | alter course | cause to bend | pivot

reflex | circumflex | deflect | flex | flexible | flexile | flexion | flexor | genuflection | inflect | inflection | reflect | reflection | flextime | flexure

flexy | flexor | flexed | flexes | unflex | flexing


flexodomain | flexodomains | flexoelectric | flexomagnetic | flexoextension | flexoelectricity

Latin flexus, past participle of flectere 'to bend'


quick motion | sudden movement | light strike

flicks | flicky | flicker | flicked | flickers | flicking


A small woodpecker, especially of the genus Colaptes | A bird known for its flicking tail movement

From Old English 'flicker', referring to the bird's tail movement


afflict | conflict | inflict | profligacy | profligate | affliction | inflict Variant Spellings: profligate

Latin 'flictus', past participle of 'fligere' meaning 'to strike'


hit | sudden forceful movement | cause to move violently | propel

afflict | conflict | inflict | profligacy | profligate | affliction


the act of flying | movement through the air

Old English flēogende, from flēogan 'to fly'


From Middle English 'flimsy', likely of Scandinavian origin (cf. Old Norse 'flimsa' meaning to move lightly or flutter), related to the concept of lightness or lack of substance.


flinchy | flinched | flinches | flincher | flinching | flinchers

Middle English flinchen, possibly related to Old English flincan


flings | flingy | flinger | upfling | outfling | upflings


flinty | flints | gunflint | nonflint | unflinty | flintily


flips | flippy | reflip | fliped | unflip | flipper

Middle English flip (to move quickly, to toss)


Middle English flippant, from flip (to move lightly)


engage in playful or teasing behavior with romantic intent | behave in a way that suggests sexual attraction

flirts | flirty | flirter | flirted | beflirt | flirting

Middle French flirter, from Old French flirter 'to strike, hit', from Frankish *flirjan


float | floating | weightless | insubstantial

afloat | floaty | floater | floated | refloat | floatel

Latin 'floatare' meaning 'to make float'


floc | floccose | flocculate | floccule | flocculent | flocculus | floccus Variant Spellings: floc | flock (fabric fibers) unrelated: flock (group of animals) | flock (fabric fibers)

Latin floccus 'tuft of wool, wisp of wool'


From Latin flocculus, diminutive of floccus meaning 'tuft of wool' or 'clump'.


flocks | flocky | flocked | flockly | flocker | flocking

Middle English 'flok', related to 'fleece'


floes | icefloe | icefloes | floeberg | floebergs

From Old Norse 'flói' meaning 'fjord' or 'shoal', referring to a flat expanse of water or ice.


flogs | floged | flogger | flogged | floging | floggee

Middle English floggen, possibly related to flocc (tuft/flock)


floodgate, floodplain, floodlight, floodwater, flooding

floods | floody | flooded | flooder | reflood | beflood

Old English flōd, from Proto-Germanic *flōdaz, from PIE *pleu- 'to flow'


floor, flooring, floorboard, floorboard, floorboard

floors | floored | floorer | refloor | seafloor | flooring


flops | aflop | floppy | preflop | flopped | flopper

Middle English 'flop', imitative of a falling or heavy sound


bloom | flourish | to bloom | to open as a flower

floral, flourish, effloresce, inflorescence, florid

Latin flos (genitive floris) meaning 'flower'

http://www.palosverdes.com/jesse/pvphs/www—freecollege—com—vocab.htm | Cognatarium | Wikidata


of or relating to Florence | from Florence

From Latin Florentinus, from Florentia (Florence)


Floridian | Florabama | Floribama | Floridization

Spanish 'florida' (flowery), from 'flor' (flower)


bearing | having | characterized by flowers


to clean teeth with a string | to remove loose threads from fabric

floss, flossing, flossed, dental floss, wool floss

flossy | flossed | flosses | flosser | flossing | flossers

From Old English 'flōsian', meaning to strip or clean, related to 'flēosian'.


to move or remain on the surface of a liquid

flotation | flotilla | flotsam Variant Spellings: float | float


Middle Dutch 'flots' (floating) + 'sam' (collection)


to move with a light, bouncy, or exaggerated motion | a sudden, sweeping movement

flounced | flounces | flouncer | flouncers | beflounced

imitative origin, likely related to 'flounce' as a sudden movement or 'flounce' as a fabric ruffle


Middle English flounder, related to flounder (fish)


flouts | flouted | flouter | flouters | flouting | flouteth

Middle English flouten, from Old French flouter 'to mock, ridicule'


continuous movement of a liquid | smooth, uninterrupted progression | ongoing, unbroken process

flows | flowy | aflow | flower | upflow | inflow


the reproductive part of a plant | blossom

flowery | aflower | flowered | floweret | flowerer | beflower


class of antibiotics | antibacterial agent

difloxacin | amifloxacin | levofloxacin | ciprofloxacin

From Latin -flumen 'river', derived from fluere 'to flow', referring to the chemical structure's connection to nalidixic acid (a quinolone antibiotic) which was originally synthesized from naphthalene derivatives.


movement of liquid or air | alteration or transformation | natural watercourse | action of moving continuously

fluctuate | influx | affluent | confluence | effluent | fluctuation | fluency | fluent | fluid | fluidity | flush | fluvial | flux | influence | superfluous | circumfluent | effluvium | flu | flume | fluorine (→fluor / fluor.) | influenza | mellifluous | superfluous unrelated: flue

fluey | fluish | flulike | antiflu | flunami | superflu

Cognatarium | http://www.palosverdes.com/jesse/pvphs/www—freecollege—com—vocab.htm | https://www.ruf.rice.edu/~kemmer/Words04/ | Wikidata


affluent, confluence, effluent, fluctuate, fluctuation, fluency, fluent, fluid, fluidity, flush, fluvial, flux, influence, influx, superfluous


to move back and forth | to change irregularly | to waver

fluctuated | fluctuates | fluctuateth | fluctuatest | cofluctuate

Latin fluctuare 'to wave, undulate', from fluctus 'wave' (past participle of fluere 'to flow')


fluids | fluidic | fluidly | fluidal | unfluid | fluidics

Latin fluidus 'flowing, liquid', from fluere 'to flow'


Latin superfluus 'overflowing', from super- 'over' + fluere 'to flow'


flukey | flukes | fluked | flukeworm | flukelike | flukeless

From Old English 'flēoc' meaning 'a leap, jump, or sudden movement', derived from the Proto-Germanic '*flēukaz'.


Old English 'flungene', past participle of 'flynan'


a person who is a sycophant | a person who performs menial tasks | a lackey

From French 'flunqué' (attendant, lackey), possibly from Old French 'flon' (flagon, tankard) referring to a cup-bearer, or from 'flonflon' (noise/clatter).


fluoboride | fluoborides | fluosilicic | fluosilicate | fluosilicates | fluogermanate


the chemical element fluorine | the phenomenon of emitting light when exposed to specific wavelengths

fluor | fluorescent | fluoridate | fluoride | fluorine | fluorite | fluorocarbon | fluoroscope | fluorosis | fluorspar

fluor, fluorescent, fluoridate, fluoride, fluorine, fluorite, fluorocarbon, fluoroscope, fluorosis, fluorspar

fluorone | fluorous | fluorosis | fluorones | nonfluorous | fluorimaging

From Latin 'fluor' (flowing stone) or 'fluo' (to flow), referring to the mineral fluorite which was historically used to lower the melting point of ores.


rapid movement | sudden burst | whirlwind


aflush | flushed | flusher | flushes | unflush | flushing

Middle English fluschen, related to Old French flascher


flusters | flustered | flustering | unflustered | flusteredly | flusterment

Middle English flustren 'to be confused'


to move with light, irregular, or rapid motions | to flap | to quiver

imitative of the sound or motion of light flapping


affluent | confluence | effluent | fluctuate | fluctuation | fluency | fluent | fluid | fluidity | flush | fluvial | flux | influence | influx | superfluous


fluvially | fluvialist | subfluvial | fluvialists | parafluvial | transfluvial


movement of water | watercourse | river-related | rivers and streams

affluent | confluence | effluent | fluctuate | fluctuation | fluency | fluent | fluid | fluidity | flush | fluvial | flux | influence | influx | superfluous | fluvio-terrestrial | fluviograph

fluviometry | fluviograph | fluviomarine | fluviometric | fluviometers | fluviographs

Latin fluvius 'river' (from fluere 'to flow')


affluent | confluence | effluent | fluctuate | fluctuation | fluency | fluent | fluid | fluidity | flush | fluvial | flux | influence | influx | superfluous | afflux | fluxion | reflux

fluxed | fluxes | fluxon | fluxing | fluxion | outflux


flyer, flyable, flywheel, butterfly, dragonfly

flys | flyer | flyby | refly | befly | oxfly


foals | foaled | foaling | foalish | foalfoot | foalings


foamy | foams | afoam | foamed | foamer | befoam


Middle English 'fodder', likely from Old English 'foda' (food)


foes | befoe | foeman | befoes | foeship | archfoe

Latin 'fōs' (genitive 'fōdis') meaning 'enemy'


foetotoxic | foetometry | foetoscopic | foetomaternal

Greek foeton 'that which is carried/conceived'


fogs | befog | fogey | foggy | defog | fogger

Middle English fogge, likely of Scandinavian origin


From 'fog' (archaic for fool) + '-ey' (suffix denoting person)


Middle French foible, from Old French foible 'weak, feeble', from Vulgar Latin *fabilis 'that can be borne', from Latin fere 'to bear, carry'


a flat, green plant part | the blade of a plant

foils | foiled | foiler | dufoil | airfoil | tinfoil

From Old English 'folium' (leaf), related to Latin 'folium'.


to impose | to force | to introduce by stealth

foists | foisty | foisted | foister | foisting | foisters


folds | efold | refold | folder | unfold | enfold

Old English foldan "to bend, double over"


defoliant | portfolio | foliage | folio | cinquefoil | defoliate | exfoliate | folic | foliaceous | foliate | folic acid | folium | perfoliate | quinquefoliate


Latin folium 'leaf' + -olate (suffix forming adjectives)


a group of individuals | a distinct collective

folk, folklore, folksy, Norfolk, Suffolk

folks | folky | folksy | folkie | folker | folkly

Old English folc 'people, nation, tribe', from Proto-Germanic *fulka- 'army, host', from PIE *pl̥ku- 'multitude'


small sac | hair socket | anatomical cavity

follicles | microfollicle | microfollicles | pseudofollicle | pseudofollicles

Latin folliculus, diminutive of follicus 'pod, husk'


to go after | to come after | to obey | to succeed

follows | follower | followed | unfollow | refollow | followee

Old English folgian 'to follow, accompany'


to instigate | to stir up | to encourage

foments | fomenter | fomented | refoment | fomenting | fomenters

Latin fomentum 'hot water, poultice', from fovere 'to warm, soothe'


Old French 'fond' (bottom, depth) via sense of 'deeply' (as in 'deeply rooted')


French 'fondant' (melting), from 'fondre' (to melt)


fonts | fontal | subfont | fontlet | subfonts | fontlets


fontana, fontanella, fontanelle, fontinal

Latin fontana 'of a fountain', feminine of fontanus 'of a spring or fountain', from fons, font- 'spring, source'


foods | foody | foodie | unfood | dogfood | seafood


to deceive | to trick | person who lacks judgment

fools | fooled | befool | fooler | unfool | foolish


afoot | foots | footer | footed | footly | Bigfoot

Proto-Germanic *fōtaz, from Proto-Indo-European *pṓds


derived from 'foot' + '-sie' (diminutive/playful suffix)


forgo | fordo | forbid | forget | forsee | forwhy

Latin 'for-' (variant of 'fur-' or related to 'fodere' to dig/pierce)


forages | forager | foraged | foragers | forageable | foragemaster

Middle French 'fourrage' (fodder/provisions)


Latin foramen 'hole, opening', from forare 'to bore, pierce'


forays | forayed | forayer | foraying | forayers


Old French 'forbaissir' from 'for-' (away) + 'baissir' (to lower)


Old English forbiddan 'to forbid, prohibit'


forceful, reinforce, enforcement, effortless

forcer | forces | forced | forcest | forceth | unforce


Latin 'forps' (gen. 'forcipis') meaning 'pliers, pincers', from 'ferrum' (iron)


shallow place in a river | crossing | passage

fords | Oxford | forder | fording | Milford | Camford

Old English ford 'shallow place, crossing'


Happening before a specific time | Preceding in sequence or order | Situated at the front

afore | forego | forend | foresee | foreleg | foreman

Derived from Old English 'fore' meaning before or front.


foreign, foreclose, foreword, forebode, foreknowledge

foreigns | foreigner | unforeign | foreigners | nonforeign | foreignism

Latin 'forensis' (of the forum) or 'foris' (outside), from PIE *bher- (to carry, bear)


Latin forensis 'of the forum', from forum 'public square, marketplace'


large area covered with trees | woodland

forest, forestal, forestry, deforest, reforest

forests | foresty | forester | forested | deforest | reforest


forfeits | forfeited | forfeiter | unforfeit | forfeiting | forfeiters

Old French 'forfait' from 'for' (outside) + 'fait' (done/made)


to pardon | to release from resentment or guilt

Old English forgiefan (for- 'completely' + giefan 'to give')


to shape | to create | to fashion | to smith

forger | forged | forges | reforge | forgers | forgeth

Latin 'fabricari' (to make, form) from 'faber' (craftsman, smith)


Old English forgietan 'to forget, to lose, to perish'


Old English forgiefan (for- "away" + giefan "to give")


to fail to remember | to lose from memory


forks | forky | forked | forken | forker | forking

From Proto-Germanic *furka (fork, prong), from PIE *prH-ker- 'to split, divide'


Middle English 'forlorn', past participle of 'forlorn' (lost, abandoned)


configuration | organization | visual aspect

uniform, deform, conform, reform, chloroform

forms | former | formal | formed | inform | formes

Latin 'forma' meaning 'shape, figure, form'


used to form adjectives indicating "having the form of"

cruciform | cuneiform | falciform | transform | reform | deform

Latin -formis, from forma 'shape, figure'


Latin 'forma' meaning 'shape, figure, mold'


formaldehyde, formalin, formaldehyde resin

Chemical compound, Organic chemistry, Aldehyde

From German Formaldehyd, coined by August Wilhelm von Hofmann in 1867 from formic acid (formic-) + -aldehyde


formation, reform, deform, formal, formative

Latin 'formare' meaning 'to form, fashion, or shape', derived from 'forma' (shape, figure).


formats | reformat | unformat | formated | deformat | formatted

Latin 'forma' meaning 'form, shape, figure'


formaldehyde | formic acid | formic | formicary | formicate Variant Spellings: formaldehyde

formate | formamide | diformate | formamides | formoterol | diformates


Latin formidabilis, from formidari 'to be afraid' (from formido 'fear') + -abilis 'able to be'


formosa, formose, deform, deformity, form

Adjective, Aesthetics, Physical Appearance

Latin formosus 'beautiful, handsome', from forma 'shape, beauty'


formula, formulate, formulation, formulary

Latin 'formulare' (to make a form), from 'forma' (shape, figure)


Resembling an arch or vault | Having the shape of a fornix

Derived from Latin 'fornix,' meaning an arch or vault.


Latin 'foresta' meaning 'out of doors' or 'open land', later 'forest'


probability | possibility | likelihood | random occurrence

fortuitous, fortunate, fortune, fortuneteller, misfortune

forts | forted | fortlet | forting | ringfort | fortlike


powerful | audibly | opposite of soft | extremely loud | opposite of very soft | courageous

fort | forte | fortify | fortitude | fortress | comfort | comfortable | effort | fortification | fortissimo | a fortiori | forte (strong point) | forte (loud) | fortis (compare leni / lenis.) | fortepiano | pianoforte | force


forths | forthgo | forthby | forthfet | forthcut | forthput


Latin 'fortior' (comparative of 'fortis' meaning strong) + '-i' (genitive suffix)


stronghold | fortification | defensive structure


Latin fortuitus 'by chance', from fors (genitive fortis) 'chance'


fortunate, fortunately, fortune, fortune_cookie, fortune_hunter, fortuneteller, fortunetelling, fortuitous

fortunes | fortuned | befortune | misfortune | wanfortune | befortuned

Latin fortuna 'luck, chance, fate', from fors 'chance'


forums | forumer | forumite | subforum | foruming | forumers

Latin 'forum' meaning 'public square, marketplace'


fossil | fossa | foss(e) | fossette | fossiliferous | fossorial

Latin fossa 'ditch, trench', from findere 'to split, dig'


a hollow or depressed area; a trench or channel


fossils | fossiled | fossilize | subfossil | fossility | fossilify

Latin fossilis 'dug up', from fodi- 'dig' (past participle stem of fodere)


fosters | fostered | fosterer | fosterage | fosterers | fostering

Middle English 'fosteren', from 'foster' (nourish, nurture)


to struggle | to combat | to engage in battle

yfought | foughten | unfought | forfoughten

Past tense and past participle of Old English 'feohtan' (to fight, strive, contend), from Proto-Germanic '*fehtaną', from Proto-Indo-European '*peh₂t-' (to fight, protect).


afoul | fouls | befoul | fouler | fouled | foully

Old Norse fúll 'drunk, rotten', from Proto-Germanic *fūlaz


founds | yfound | founded | unfound | cofound | refound

Latin 'fundus' meaning 'bottom, floor, foundation'

http://www.palosverdes.com/jesse/pvphs/www—freecollege—com—vocab.htm | Cognatarium | http://leonsplanet.com/index.html


founts | fountful | fountlet | fountlets

Latin fons (genitive fontis) 'spring, source'


source of water | spring | jet of liquid

fountains | fountaineer | fountainlet | fountainous | fountainhead | fountaineers

Old French fontaine, from Latin fons (genitive font-) 'spring, source'


fours | fourth | fourths | fourish | fourgon | fourgie


fowls | fowler | peafowl | fowling | fowlery | fowlers


foxy | foxes | foxed | foxie | foxly | outfox


foyer, foyer light, foyer mirror, foyer table

Old French 'foyer' (hearth, fireplace), from Vulgar Latin *focus' (fireplace, hearth), from Latin 'focus' (hearth, fireplace)


defray | diffract | fractal | fraction | fractious | fracture | fragile | fragment | frangible | fray | infraction | infringe | refract | refractory | refrain | anfractuous | diffraction | refraction Variant Spellings: fracas | fracas


defray | diffract | fractal | fraction | fractious | fracture | fragile | fragment | frangible | fray | infraction | infringe | refract | refractory | refrain | irrefragable | ossifrage | suffragan | suffrage Variant Spellings: frail | irrefrangible | refrain (lyrics) | frail

frags | fragger | telefrag | fraggers | fragfest | parafrag

Cognatarium | http://www.palosverdes.com/jesse/pvphs/www—freecollege—com—vocab.htm | https://www.ruf.rice.edu/~kemmer/Words04/


fragilely | unfragile | nonfragile | fragileness | antifragile

Latin fragilis 'breakable, brittle', from frangere 'to break'


fragments | defragment | fragmented | fragmental | fragmenter | refragment


Latin fragrans (gen. fragrantis) 'emitting a fragrance', present participle of fragrare 'to smell sweet, be fragrant'


frails | frailly | frailish | frailness | frailnesses

Old French frail, from Latin fragilis 'breakable', from frangere 'to break'


structure | border | outline | framework

framework, timeframe, framing, framebuffer

framed | frames | framer | framee | framers | reframe


ancient inhabitants of France and western Europe, thus denoting France | originating from the Frankish concept of liberty

From Old French franc, from Frankish *frankō 'free, confident', from Proto-Germanic *frankōz 'free', from the name of the Frankish people.


From French française (feminine of français), from Old French franceis, from Frankish *frankōn


Francophone, Francophilia, Francophobia, Francophile

From Latin Francia, referring to the Franks or the land of France.


Francesco, Francesca, Franciscan, Franciscus

Proper Name, Personal Name, Historical Figure

From Latin 'Franciscus', derived from 'Francus' meaning Frank, likely via Germanic 'frankaz' meaning free.


a series of related works | a group of businesses | a right to exploit a brand

franchisee | franchiser | franchises | franchised | franchisers | franchisees

Middle French 'franchese' (liberty, privilege)


of or relating to Francis of Assisi | follower of the Franciscan order


Proper name derived from the ethnonym for the Franks


defray | diffract | fractal | fraction | fractious | fracture | fragile | fragment | frangible | fray | infraction | infringe | refract | refractory | refrain


frankly | franker | franked | unfrank | frankers | Frankish

Old French franc 'free, frank', from Frankish *frankō 'free, loyal'


constructed | assembled | artificial | monstrous

frankenfood | frankenword | Frankenfish | frankenwords | frankenfoods | Frankenchicken

From German 'Frankenstein', derived from the name Frankenstein (literally 'stone of the Franks'), popularized by Mary Shelley's novel to denote a monster created from assembled parts.


From Old High German 'Franconofurd', meaning 'ford of the Franks'


Greek phrenitikos 'mad, frenzied' from phren 'mind'


fraternal | fraternity | fraternize | fratricide | fraternal (brotherly | (of siblings)) | fraternity (brotherhood) | fraternize (to talk with and get new "brothers")

Latin frater 'brother', from PIE *bhrater-

http://www.palosverdes.com/jesse/pvphs/www—freecollege—com—vocab.htm | https://www.ruf.rice.edu/~kemmer/Words04/ | http://leonsplanet.com/index.html


male sibling | male relative in the same family generation

fraternal | fraternity | fraternize | fratricide | fratricide Variant Spellings: friar | friar


Proto-Germanic *frōwō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erǵ- "to rise up, become prominent" (cf. Sanskrit arā́- "mistress of the house")


A person who deceives or tricks others | someone engaged in fraudulent activities | an individual who commits deceitful acts

frauds | nonfraud | fraudful | biofraud | fraudster | copyfraud

Derived from Latin 'fraudare' meaning to deceive


fraughts | unfraught | befraught | fraughtage


Middle High German vröulîn, diminutive of vrôuwe 'lady'


to unravel | to wear away | to unravel at the edges

frays | frayed | fraying | unfrayed | antifray | frayings

Middle English frayen, related to fray (to unravel)


freaky | freaks | freaked | defreak | freaking | freakish

Middle English freke 'young man, youth', from Old English frēo 'free', from Proto-Germanic *frijaz


Frederick, Frieda, Friedrich, Manfred, Siegfried, Wilfred unrelated: rat / Alfred.

Old English frēo 'free', from Proto-Germanic *frījaz, from Proto-Indo-European *priHós 'dear, beloved'


From Old High German 'Fridric', composed of 'frid' (peace) and 'ric' (power, ruler)


Named after Frederick, Prince of Wales; the suffix -burg is from Old English burh meaning 'fortified place' or 'town'.


Old Norse Freðríkr, from fríðr 'beautiful, fair' + ríkr 'ruler, power'


freed | frees | freely | unfree | enfree | befree


not having/showing what is denoted by the first el

lacking the characteristic indicated by the initial component | absent the feature represented by the first element

carefree, freebie, freehold, freebooter, freeborn

etymology taken from 'carefree'; < free, adj. OED


freeman, freewoman, freebooter, freehold, free lance

Old English 'freo' (free) + 'mann' (man)


Compound of 'free' and 'port', referring to a harbor where goods may be landed without payment of customs duties.


to turn to ice | to become rigid | to stop moving

freezer | freezes | freezed | unfreeze | refreeze | freezers


Middle English 'freight', from Old French 'freit'


a device for controlling a horse's head | a tool used to guide a horse

frenulum | frenum Variant Spellings: refrain (to hold back) | refrain (to hold back)


of or relating to France or its people | French language

frenched | frenches | frenching | frenchise | frenchises

From Old French 'franceis' (modern français), derived from the Frankish name 'Franci' (the Franks)


frenetics | unfrenetic | freneticism | freneticisms

Greek phrenitikos 'excited, frenzied' from phren 'mind'


often | repeated | occurring at intervals

Latin frequentia 'frequency, multitude', from frequens 'crowded, frequent'


frequents | frequently | infrequent | frequented | frequenter | unfrequent

Latin frequens (gen. frequentis) 'crowded, in great numbers', from freg- 'to break' (see fragment)


frescos | frescoes | frescoed | frescoing | frescolike


afresh | refresh | fresher | freshly | freshen | unfresh

Old English 'frēsc', related to 'fresc' (fresh/new)


fretty | unfret | refret | fretted | fretful | fretsaw

Middle English fret 'to wear away, erode'


psychoanalysis | Freudian theory | unconscious mind

Freudian slip, Freudian dream, Freudian defense

Freudian | Freudism | Freudiana | Freudianly | Freudianism | Freudianness

Psychology, Proper Noun Derivation, Theory

From the surname of Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis, used as a combining form to denote concepts related to his theories.


From Old English frēo 'free, at peace' (related to Old High German frī, Gothic frijō), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *frījaz 'free', from Proto-Indo-European *priHós 'dear, beloved'. The element -frey- in names like Geoffrey/Godfrey derives from the Germanic word frid 'peace' (cf. Old English frēd, Old High German fridu), often conflated or associated with 'free' in folk etymology, but specifically denoting peace or protection in the context of the name elements (e.g., Geoffrey = 'peace of the people' or 'divine peace' depending on the first element).


From Old English 'frēond', meaning friend, derived from the verb 'frēon' (to love, protect).


easily crumbled | brittle | prone to breaking into small pieces

unfriable | nonfriable | friableness | nonfriables

Latin friabilis, from frangere 'to break'


friars | friarly | friarbird | friarship | friarhood | friarbirds

Latin frater 'brother' (from PIE *bhrater-)


dentifrice | friction | affricate | fricative | friction unrelated: fricassee


French fricassee, from fricasser 'to fry'


Latin frictus, past participle of fricare 'to rub'


frictions | frictional | antifriction | frictionless | nanofriction | frictionally

Latin frictio (gen. frictionis) 'a rubbing', from past participle stem of fricare 'to rub'


refrigerator | appliance for keeping food cold

fridges | fridged | fridgeful | minifridge | fridgeless | fridgelike


Friedrich, Frederick, Friedrich, Fridrik

From Old High German fridu 'peace' + ric 'ruler, powerful', from Proto-Germanic *friduaz + *rīkiz


companion | ally | person with whom one has a bond of affection

friendship, friendly, friendliness, befriended

friends | friendo | friendy | friendly | befriend | defriend

Old English freond 'friend, beloved, dear'


friezes | friezed | friezer | friezers | friezelike | friezeless

Middle English 'frisen', related to 'freeze'


frigid | frigorific | refrigerator | frigidity

frigs | frigger | frigged | friggle | frigging | friggers


frights | frighty | frighten | affright | frighted | befright

Middle English 'fright', likely from 'afrighten'


Middle English frille (a ruffle, or edge of a garment)


defray, diffract, fractal, fraction, fractious, fracture, fragile, fragment, frangible, fray, infraction, infringe, refract, refractory, refrain


Proper noun (trademark) used as a generic term


to search | to examine | to move lightly

frisky | frisks | frisked | frisker | friskee | frisking

Middle English friske (to move lightly, to frolic)


fritters | frittered | fritterer | frittering | fritterers | fritterware

Middle English friteren, related to frit (fried)


frocks | unfrock | frocked | unfrocks | disfrock | frocking


froggy | frogly | defrog | frogman | frogged | froglet


frolics | frolicky | frolicly | frolicker | frolicful | frolicking

Middle English frolicken, likely imitative of playful movement


fronds | frondy | fronded | frondous | frondlet | frondlike


upper part of the head | forward-facing side | front of the head | outer layer

confront | frontage | frontal | affront | effrontery | frontocortical | frontogenesis | forefront | front | frontier | frontispiece | fronton | frontward

afront | fronts | frontal | fronted | bifront | fronting

frōns | frontis | Latin frōns | front- | the forehead | Latin frons (genitive frontis) : forehead | front


Latin front-, frons 'forehead, face, front'


a thin layer of ice crystals on surfaces | solid frozen water

defrost, hoarfrost, frost, frostbite, frosting, frosty

frosty | frosts | frosted | defrost | frosten | befrost

Old English forst, forst freosan : to freeze


frothy | froths | afroth | frothed | frother | frothing

imitative of the sound of bubbling or frothing


to scowl | to look unhappy | to contract the brow

frowns | frowny | afrown | frowner | frowning | frowners

Middle English 'frownen', of imitative origin


Likely related to 'frouzy' (variant of frowzy), possibly from Middle English or imitative of a disordered state


turned to ice | solidified | stopped moving

frozen | unfrozen | frozenly | nonfrozen | semifrozen | frozenness

Old English 'frōsen', past participle of 'frēosan'


fructose | frugivorous | fructiferous | fructify | usufruct

Latin fructus, past participle of frui 'to enjoy, use'


edible plant part | plant product | botanical yield


frugally | unfrugal | infrugal | frugalism | frugalness | frugalista

Latin frugalis 'thrifty, economical', from frux 'fruit, profit'


the mature ovary of a flowering plant containing seeds | an edible product of a plant | a metaphorical outcome or reward

fruits | fruity | fruited | fruiter | fruiten | befruit


Middle English frumpen 'to move clumsily', of unknown origin


to prevent | to thwart | to cause annoyance

frustrated | frustrates | frustrater | frustrately | frustrateth | frustratest

Latin frustrāre 'to break in pieces, defeat', from frustum 'a piece, fragment'


refry | fryer | frying | fryers | frypan | fryable

Middle English 'frien', from Old French 'frire'


Fuchs, Füchse, fuchsteufelswild, Fuchsjagd, Rotfuchs

Middle High German fuchs, from Old High German fuhs, from Proto-Germanic *fuhsaz, from Proto-Indo-European *pewH- (to be thick, hairy)


fuddled | fuddles | fuddler | befuddle | fuddlers | befuddled

Middle English fuddelen, possibly related to fuddle (to confuse)


fudges | fudged | fudger | fudgers | unfudged | fudgelike

Origin uncertain; possibly related to 'fudge' (to manipulate) as a variation of 'feck' or related to the texture of the confection.


rush away | drive out | escape quickly | soar | break free


tending to flee | tending to drive away | having the property of fleeing

centrifugal | vermifugal | centrifuge | fugacious | fugitive | refuge | subterfuge | vermifuge

geofugal | basifugal | sociofugal | somatofugal | electrofugal | corticofugal

From Latin -fugus, from fugere 'to flee'


centrifuge | centrifugal | fugacious | fugitive | refuge | subterfuge | vermifuge


plentiful | complete | containing | liberal | distinguished by | exhibiting the characteristics of the root | quantity sufficient to fill the container | brimming with

joyful, hopeful, careful, beautiful, wonderful

awful | woful | artful | useful | wilful | joyful

Abundance, Quality, Adjectival formation

forming adjs. In Old English the adj. full OED


fulfils | fulfilled | fulfilling | fulfilleth | overfulfil | fulfillest

Old French fulfil (to complete, satisfy) from Middle English


emit light | sudden gleam | lightning phenomenon

effulgent | fulgent | fulgurate | fulgurite | fulgurous | refulgent Variant Spellings: fulminate | fulminate


abundant | full | full of | generous | notable for

fully | fulls | fuller | fullen | fulled | unfull


Old English -fyll (full) + -lic (suffix)


From Latin fulmen (genitive fulminis) meaning 'lightning', likely from the root *bhel- 'to shine, flash'.


fulminant | fulminate | fulmination | fulgurite

fulmen ~lightning flash~ | fulmen"lightning flash"


to explode | to denounce | to strike with lightning

Latin fulminare 'to thunder, strike with lightning', from fulmen 'thunderbolt'


excessive | abundant | complimentary to an excessive degree


fume | fumigation | fumarole | fumigate | fumitory | perfume


to handle clumsily | to drop | to blunder

fumbles | fumbler | fumbleth | unfumbled

imitative of the sound or action of clumsy movement


fumigates | fumigated | suffumigate | unfumigated | suffumigated | suffumigates

Latin fumigare 'to smoke, fumigate', from fumus 'smoke'


funs | funny | unfun | funned | funbox | unfunny


function | fungibility | perfunctory | defunct | dysfunction | functionary | malfunction

Latin fungor 'perform, execute, discharge' (deponent verb)


function, multifunctional, dysfunction, functional

functions | functional | functioned | cofunction | refunction | bifunction

Latin -tionem (nom. -tio) 'a doing, action', from past participle stem of facere 'to make, do'


found | founder | foundation | fund | fundament | fundamental | fundamentalism | profound | profundity

funds | funder | funded | defund | subfund | funders

fundāre ~to found~, from fundus ~bottom, foundation~


confound | diffusion | effusion | effusive | found | fusion | infusion | perfusion | profuse | profusion | refund | suffusion | transfusion


Latin fundamentum 'foundation, basis', from fundere 'to pour'


to cause to flow | to move in a continuous stream


ceremony for deceased person | rituals associated with burial or memorial | deceased's body

Latin fūneris, genitive of fūnus : funeral


function, fungibility, perfunctory, defunct


fungicide | fungiform | fungicidal | fungicides | fungitoxic | fungistatic


resembling a rope | related to a cable | shaped like a funnel

Latin funiculus 'little rope', diminutive of funis 'rope, cable'


funky | funks | funked | funkily | unfunky | funking

Origin unknown, possibly from West African languages via African American Vernacular English, or from the verb 'to funk' meaning to play jazz improvisationally.


conical object for transferring liquid | to channel or direct

funnels | funneled | refunnel | funneling | funnelled | funnelling

Middle English funnel, from Old French entonnoir


furioso | furious | furor | fury | infuriate

furs | furry | befur | furkid | furred | furfag

Latin furiosus 'furious', from furere 'to rage'


a groove or line | a shallow depression | a crease or fold


ferret | furtive | furuncle | furunculosis


furbish, furbished, furbishing, furbisher

refurbish | furbished | furbisher | furbishing | furbishers | refurbished

Middle English furbissen, from Old French furber 'to cheat, swindle' (originally 'to make smooth'), from furbe 'smoothness'


bifurcation | bifurcate | furcate | furcula | trifurcate


furls | unfurl | furled | refurl | furler | upfurl

Old English 'furlian' (to roll up, to wrap)


Middle English 'furlong', from 'furrow' + 'long'


temporary leave | suspension | break from duty

furloughs | furloughed | furlougher | furloughing | furloughers | unfurloughed

Middle French 'fourgour' (related to 'fourrer' to stuff/pack)


to furnish with necessities | to bestow resources

Middle English furnishen Old French furnir (French fournir)


furnished | refurnish | furnisher | unfurnish | furnishing | furnishers

Latin 'fornire' meaning 'to equip, provide'


Latin furor (gen. furoris) 'madness, rage'


a long narrow trench | a groove | a wrinkle

furrows | furrowy | furrowed | unfurrow | furrower | furrowest


From German -furter, from Frankfurt 'ford', used in surnames and place names indicating origin.


additional | more | at a greater distance

Old English furðor, from furð (distance/progress)


Old English furst (first) + -est (superlative suffix)


Latin furtivus 'stealthy, secret', from fur 'thief'


furzen | furzes | furzeling | furzechat | furzechats | furzelings

Old English 'geors' or 'geors' (related to 'gorse')


transfer liquid | liquefy | combine | merge

confound | diffusion | effusion | effusive | found | fusion | infusion | perfusion | profuse | profusion | refund | suffusion | transfusion | refusal | defuse | affusion | confuse | diffuse | fuse (to join) | infuse | refuse (all senses) | suffuse

Latin fusus, past participle of fundere 'to pour, melt'


fused | fuses | fusee | fuser | refuse | defuse


Latin 'fundere' meaning 'to pour, melt, shed'


shaped like a spindle | tapered at both ends

Latin fusus (past participle of fingere 'to form, shape') + -formis (from forma 'shape')


fusil (musket), fusile, fusilier, fusillade

From Old French fusil, from fusée (fuse/spindle), derived from Latin fūsis (spindle)


fussy | fussed | fusses | fusser | fussily | fusspot

Middle English fuss, likely imitative of agitated movement or sound


to drive away | to send back | to suppress | to prevent

Latin fūtus, past participle of fūre 'to drive away, repel'


Latin futilis 'leaky, useless', from fundere 'to pour'


futures | futurey | futured | futurely | futurepop | nonfuture

Latin 'futurus', future participle of 'esse' (to be)


fuzzy | fuzzer | fuzzily | fuzzify | unfuzzy | fuzznut

Middle English fuzz, imitative of the sound or texture of soft hair


transform into | cause to be in the state of | result in | produce | lead to | become | effect | accomplish

simplify, clarify, intensify, modify, notify, terrify

wikify | rarefy | citify | uglify | argufy | Nazify

From Latin -ficare, frequentative of facere 'to make, do'

http://www.palosverdes.com/jesse/pvphs/www—freecollege—com—vocab.htm | Cognatarium | http://leonsplanet.com/index.html | Stein


gabs | gabby | begab | gabber | gabble | forgab

imitative origin, likely related to 'gabble'


to speak rapidly and inarticulately | chatter | babble

imitative of the sound of rapid, indistinct speech


triangular part of a roof | sloping side of a building

gabled | gables | gablet | gablets | ungabled | gablelike

Middle English gable, from Old English gaball


Derived from the verb 'gamble' + agentive suffix '-er'


Hebrew Gavri'el 'man of God' or 'strength of God'


gads | gadder | gadfly | gadded | gadding | gadders

Old English 'gadian' meaning 'to goad, urge on'


geography, geology, geometry, geology, archaeology


Gaelic | Gaelicize | Gaelicism | Gaelophone | Gaelicness


gaffs | gaffer | gaffle | gaffers | gaffsail | gaffsails

French gaffe 'blunder, mistake', possibly from Old French gaffe 'hook, pole' (metaphorical extension from 'catching someone in a trap').


gags | ungag | gaggy | gagger | gagged | ungags

From Old French 'gagier' (to pledge, wager), from Vulgar Latin 'wactiare' (to watch, guard), related to 'wage'.


gainer | gainful | gainfully | gainlessly | gainly | again | against | gainsay

again | gains | regain | gained | gainer | gainly


Old French 'gaaignier' from Frankish '*wanjan'


Old French 'gait' (manner of walking), from Frankish origin


having a specific gait | characterized by a manner of walking

Adjective-forming, Physical characteristic, Manner

Derived from the root 'gait' (manner of walking) plus the suffix '-ed' (having the quality of)


gaiters | gaitered | gaiterlike | gaiterless | ungaitered | supergaiter


gals | galpal | galpals | transgal | transgals | galfriend

French or Italian : to make merry, to rejoice


pregalactic | nongalactic | apogalactic | pangalactic | anagalactic | subgalactic


galactagogue | galactic | galactorrhea | polygalactia | galactocele | galactose | galactosemia | galactosis | galacto-phorous | galactoid

galactogen | galactogens | galactocele | galactogram | galactolipid | galactorrhea

γαλακτο-  OED

γάλα | γάλακτος (gála | gálaktos) | < ancient Greek γαλακτο- | combining form ... of γαλακτ- | γάλα  milk OED


antigalaxy | metagalaxy | galaxywide | galaxylike | protogalaxy | supergalaxy


Galenic | Galenism | Galenist | Galenian | Galenical

Greek 'gala' (milk) via 'galaia' (healing milk) or 'galein' (to heal)


From Hebrew Galil (גָּלִיל) meaning 'circle' or 'district', referring to the region of Galilee.


gallants | gallantly | gallantry | ungallant | gallantries | ungallantly


a room for displaying art | a collection of works | a passage

gallerylike | gallerygoer | gallerygoers

Italian galleria, from Gallo-Italian gallaria 'long room', from gallaro 'to stretch'


Galliformes, gallinaceous, gallinule, gallium


gallium arsenide, gallium nitride, gallium phosphide

digallium | trigallium | radiogallium | organogallium | triethylgallium | trimethylgallium

from Latin 'Gallia' (France), named after the discoverer's homeland


Old French gallon, from Medieval Latin galone


gallops | agallop | galloped | galloper | galloping | outgallop

Middle French galoper "to run, dash, or gallop"


to move heavily | to stomp | to proceed clumsily

galumphs | galumphed | galumpher | galumphers

Portmanteau of 'gallop' and 'triumph' coined by Lewis Carroll


flow of electricity | electrical current generated by galvanic action

galvanostat | galvanostats | galvanometry | galvanograph | galvanoscopy | galvanotonus

used as combining form of galvanic adj. < the name of Luigi Galvani OED


gam | gambit | gambol | gammon | gamb | gambado | gambrel

Latin 'gamba' meaning 'hock of an animal' or 'leg'


a calculated move | a strategic opening | a risk

gambits | countergambit | countergambits


gambols | gamboled | gambolled | gamboller | gambollers

Middle English gambol, related to gambol (to leap)


gamer | gamey | games | gamed | gamely | gamers


gametes | agamete | agametes | oogamete | isogamete | zoogamete

γάμος (gámos), γαμεῖν (gameîn), γαμέτης (gamétēs), γαμετή (gametḗ)


gamma ray | gamma function | Greek letter gamma

gamma ray, gamma function, gamma decay, isotope gamma

gammas | digamma | gammacism | gammatone | multigamma | gammachirp


connection | merger | association | wedlock


monogamous, polygamous, bigamous, polygamist

agamous | bigamous | oogamous | trigamous | zoogamous | monogamous


gangs | ganger | oxgang | ganged | ingang | umgang

Middle English gang 'a journey, a procession'


knot | swelling | cluster of nerve cells


Greek gangraina 'destructive inflammation'


gaps | gappy | gapper | gapped | airgap | subgap


garment, garnish, garnishee, garniture, garret, garrison

gars | atgar | atgars | garfish | garfishes

Old French garnir : to furnish, to protect


gargantuan | gargle | gargoyle | garrulous | jargon


shelter for vehicles | place for parking cars

garaged | garages | garagey | ungaraged | garageman | garagelike

French 'garage' from 'garer' 'to shelter, to park'


garbs | garbed | garbing | ungarbed | garbless

Middle English garb, from Old French garb


garbage, garbagecan, garbagebag, garbagecollect, garbagetruck

garbagey | garbaged | garbages | garbageman | garbagelike | garbageless

Middle English 'garbagium', possibly from Old French 'garbe' (sheaf/bundle)


From Latin 'guardia' (guard, watch), derived from Frankish 'wardia' (watch, guard)


enclosed area | plot of ground | place for plants

gardens | gardened | gardenly | gardening | nongarden | gardenful


Old French gargouille : throat, waterspout echoic base


to make a bubbling sound | to wash the throat with liquid

gargles | gargled | gargler | garglers | Garglegate

imitative of the sound made when gargling


gargoyles | gargoyled | gargoyley | gargoyleish


Middle English, from Old French 'gais' (joyful, lively) or 'gaier', of Germanic origin; sense shifted from 'joyful' to 'gaudy' in the 16th century.


wreath | decoration | cluster of flowers

garlands | garlandy | garlanded | engarland | garlander | garlandry

Old French garland, from Frankish *landa


garments | garmento | garmentos | garmented | garmenture | overgarment


garners | garnered | garnering | garnerings | ungarnered

Middle English garnere "to store, to keep"


garnishee | garnished | garnishes | garnishor | garnisher | garnishing

Old French 'garnir' 'to equip, furnish, or adorn'


to station troops | stronghold | military post

garrisons | garrisoned | engarrison | regarrison | garrisoning | nongarrison


garrottes | garrotted | garrotter | garrotters


Latin garrulitas, from garrulus 'chattering, talkative'


Latin garrulus 'chatty, talkative', from garrire 'to chatter'


a band worn around the leg | a strip of fabric used for fastening

garters | gartered | gartering | garterlike | begartered | ungartered


vapor | volatile substance | air-like substance

gassy | gases | degas | regas | gasify | gasser

Greek 'chaos' (void/abyss) or 'gas' (neologism via Paracelsus)


gashed | gashes | gashing | gashful | gashings | ungashed

From Old English 'gesc(e)acan' meaning 'to shake, break, or crack', related to 'shake'.


Middle English gasket, from Old French gastche, from gastier 'to wrap'


obsession | intense interest | state of being engrossed

joygasm | eargasm | eyegasm | assgasm | nerdgasm | joygasms

Greek -gasm (from -gasm, related to orgasm/orgasmos)


gasolines | nongasoline | biogasoline | polygasoline | gasolinelike | polygasolines

blend of 'gas' + 'oline' (from petroleum)


to inhale suddenly | to catch one's breath

gasps | gaspy | agasp | gasped | gasper | gasping

imitative of the sound of sudden breathing


primary digestive organ in the abdomen | central abdominal cavity structure

epigastric, epigastrium, gasteroid, gastric, gastrin, gastritis, gastroenterologist, gastroenterology, gastrolith, gastronomic, gastronomy, gastroparesis, gastropod, gastroptosis, gastroschisis, gastrotrich, mesogastric

γαστήρ, γαστρός (gastḗr, gastrós)


aerogastria | microgastria | bradygastria | tachygastria | normogastria | tachygastrias

From Greek 'gaster' (genitive 'gastros') meaning 'stomach' or 'belly'.


agastric | digastric | orogastric | nongastric | pregastric | urogastric


digestive organ | relating to the stomach

epigastric | epigastrium | gasteroid | gastric | gastrin | gastritis | gastroenterologist | gastroenterology | gastrolith | gastronomic | gastronomy | gastroparesis | gastropod | gastroptosis | gastroschisis | gastrotrich | mesogastric | gastroenteritis | gastroscope | gastrovascular

gastropod | gastropub | gastronomy | gastropexy | Gastropoda | gastropubs

γαστ(ε)ρ-  OED

γαστήρ | γαστρός (gastḗr | gastrós) | combining form of Greek γαστ(ε)ρ- | belly | stomach OED


agate | gates | gated | algate | qugate | ingate


French 'gâteau', diminutive of 'gâte' (to please/delight)


regathers | gatherers | upgathers | begathers | ingathers | gatherings


Spanish 'caimán' via 'alligator' (shortened from 'alligator')


clumsiness | awkwardness | lack of social grace

French 'gauche' (left, awkward) + suffix '-erie'


gauger | gauges | gauged | gaugers | gaugeth | gaugest

Old French 'jauge' (a measure, a standard)


Gaul | Gauls | Celtic people of ancient Gaul

From Latin 'Gallia' (the region) and 'Galli' (the people), derived from the Gaulish ethnonym *Galli*.


gauntly | armgaunt | gauntness | gauntnesses

Middle English gaunt, from Old Norse gáinn 'thin, lean'


gauntlets | gauntleted | ungauntlet | ungauntlets | demigauntlet | demigauntlets

Old French 'gantelet', diminutive of 'gant' (glove)


degauss | gausses | Gaussian | gaussage | gaussoid | degaussed

Physics, Units of Measurement, Proper Name

Named after Carl Friedrich Gauss, the German mathematician and physicist who contributed significantly to the study of magnetism.


to hand over | to bestow | to transfer possession


Middle English gavel, related to Old English gafol 'tribute, tax'


gawped | gawper | gawping | gawpers | gawpings | gawpingly

imitative of the sound of gasping or the visual of an open mouth


gays | gayly | begay | gaymo | gayby | gaymer


gazed | gazer | gazes | agaze | gazee | upgaze

Middle English 'gasen', possibly related to 'gaze' (to stare)


pavilion | summerhouse | garden structure


official announcement | newspaper | bulletin

gazettes | gazetted | gazetteer | degazette | gazetteers | degazetted

Old French 'gazette' (small coin, later a small newspaper)


to overbid | to outbid | to bid higher than a previous offer

gazumps | gazumped | gazumper | gazumping | gazumpers | gazumpings

From 'gazump' (verb), likely from 'gaze' + 'ump' (comparative suffix influence or dialectal), meaning to beat someone at their own game by bidding higher.


apogee | biogeography | epigeous | Gaia | geocentric | geocentrism | geode | geodesy | geodetic | geography | geoid | geology | geomancy | geometry | geomorphology | geophysicist | geophysics | georgic | Georgics | geosphere | geostatic | geostrophic | geosynchronous | geosyncline | hypogeous | hypogeum | Pangea | perigee

γῆ (gê) | γαῖα | γαίας (gaîa | gaías) | γεω- (geō-)


geared | ungear | regear | degear | upgear | gearbox

Middle English 'gere' (equipment, armor)


Moneygeddon | Obamageddon | cybergeddon | Thermageddon


geezers | geezery | geezerly | geezerdom | geezerish


gels | gelled | biogel | aerogel | xerogel | gelling

Latin gelidus 'cold, icy', from gelare 'to freeze'


A thin, translucent membrane used as a filter in photography or for theatrical lighting effects | a substance derived from collagen used in various applications.

gelatins | gelatinase | gelatinise | gelatinize | gelatinoid | gelatinate

From Latin 'gelātīn-', meaning 'jelly', derived from 'gēlāre' (to freeze).


gelds | gelded | gelder | ungeld | wergeld | gelding

Old English geald, past participle of gealdan 'to pay', from Proto-Germanic *galda- (cf. Old Norse gjalda, Gothic gildan), from PIE *gel- 'to pay, recompense'


gems | begem | gemmy | gemmed | begems | gemfish


geminate | gemination | Gemini | trigeminal


nonagenarian, octogenarian, quinquegenarian, septuagenarian, Septuagint, sexagenary

gens | imagen | anagen | neogen | biogen | exogen

Latin gen- (stem of gignere 'to beget, produce') + -arius/-ianus suffixal forms


origin | procreate | lineage | category | generate | making | source | development | conceive | emerge | descend from | thus: class | kin | conceive | form | commence | fabricate

genesis, generate, genetic, genealogy, progeny, indigenous, engender

gen2 / gen / : germ / germ | gn / gn | gen1 / gen / : germ / germ

From Greek genos 'race, kind' or Latin gignere 'to beget, produce'


one who is associated with, originating from, or adhering to the first element | entity connected to, derived from, or representing the initial component

From Latin -genārius, from gēn- (stem of genus 'birth, race') + -ārius (adjective suffix)


genders | agender | engender | regender | bigender | ungender

Latin 'genus' (birth, race, stock) + '-gender' (suffixal variant)


universal | common | widespread | non-specific

generals | generally | generalcy | generaled | outgeneral | generalist

Latin 'generālis' (of a kind/class), from 'genus' (birth, race, kind)


generate, generation, generator, generic, progenitor

Latin 'generare' meaning 'to beget, produce, create', from 'gen-' (birth, race)


ungenerous | generously | generousness | overgenerous | ungenerously | supergenerous

Latin generosus 'noble, of good birth', from genus 'birth, race'


origin | generate | lineage | category | create | making | source | development | formation | evolution from prior state

archegenesis, epigenesis, cosmogenesis, epigenetics

regenesis | cogenesis | eugenesis | diagenesis | pangenesis | biogenesis

Greek genesis 'origin, creation', from gignesthai 'to be born'


genially | ungenial | congenial | geniality | genialize | ungenially

Latin 'genialis' meaning 'of birth, festive, genial', from 'genus' (birth, race)


Latin genialis 'of birth, genial', from genitor 'begetter' (from gignere 'to beget')


in a manner characteristic of | by means of | having the nature of

allegoric, anachronistic, apocalyptic, apocryphal, apologetic, apoplectic, aristocratic, autobiographical, biographical, charismatic


Latin geniculum 'little knee', diminutive of genu 'knee'


generate, genesis, gene, genuine, progeny


birth, beget, race, kind, produce, production, origin, formation

From Greek gen- (stem of gignesthai 'to be born') or Latin gen- (stem of gignere 'to beget')


of or concerning birth | of or concerning procreation | relating to the genitals

genitoanal | genitocrural | genitoplasty | genitorectal | genitofemoral | genitosensory

< classical Latin genitālis of or concerned with creation OED


genocide | genoise | genome | genomics | genontology | genotype | genotypic | genotypical

genocide, genoise, genome, genomics, genontology, genotype, genotypic, genotypical

genotype | genogram | genocopy | genodeme | genotoxic | genophore


genocide, genocidal, ethnogenesis, congenital

genocides | genocider | genocided | genociders | pregenocide | antigenocide

From Greek genos 'race, kind' + -cide 'killing'


genres | subgenre | nongenre | subgenres | minigenre | genreless

Latin genus 'birth, origin, race, stock'


generate, genetics, progeny, progeny, generation, genesis

From Latin 'genus' (birth, race, kind) via the stem 'gener-'; ultimately from Proto-Indo-European root *gene- meaning 'to produce'.


genteelly | ungenteel | genteelism | genteelish | genteelize | genteelness

French genteel, from gentil 'noble, well-born'


a type of flowering plant | bitter-tasting herb

gentians | gentianic | gentianine | gentianose

Latin gentiana, from Greek gentiane (genitive gentianēs), named after Gentius, king of the Illyrians who reportedly discovered its medicinal properties


Latin gentilis 'of the same clan', from gens (genitive gentis) 'clan, family'


gentled | gentles | ungentle | gentleman | gentleboy | gentleness

Latin 'gentilis' meaning 'of the same clan or family', derived from 'gens' (clan, tribe)


genuflects | genuflected | genuflection | genuflecting | genuflective | genuflections

Latin genuflectere, from genu 'knee' + flectere 'to bend'


genuinely | ingenuine | ungenuine | nongenuine | genuineness | ungenuineness

Latin genuinus 'native, indigenous', from gignere 'to beget'


genuses | bigenus | oogenus | subgenus | nothogenus | ichnogenus


generate, genesis, genetic, genealogy, progeny, engender, progenitor

eugeny | orogeny | zoogeny | exogeny | zoögeny | geogeny

Generation, Origin, Biological, Creation

γίγνεσθαι (gígnesthai), and related γένος (génos), γενετικός (genetikós), γένεσις (génesis); see also γενεά (geneá), gignere, genitus, genus (genitive generis), see also generare


geography | geology | geometry | apogee | biogeography | epigeous | Gaia | geocentric | geocentrism | geode | geodesy | geodetic | geoid | geomancy | geomorphology | geophysicist | geophysics | georgic | Georgics | geosphere | geostatic | geostrophic | geosynchronous | geosyncline | hypogeous | hypogeum | Pangea | perigee | geo-political | epigeal | geodesic | geopolitics | George | Georgia | geothermal | hypogeal

geobag | geotag | geonym | geotic | Geoweb | geonet

Wikipedia | MorphoQuantics | Cognatarium | http://www.palosverdes.com/jesse/pvphs/www—freecollege—com—vocab.htm


pertaining to the nation or region of Georgia

from Greek 'Georgos' (farmer) via the ethnonym for the region


erigeron | gerascophobia | geriatric | geriatrics | gerontocracy | gerontology | gerontophile | gerontophilia | gerontophobia | gerontoplast | gerousia | progeria | progeroid

γέρων | γέροντος (gérōn | gérontos) "old man" | γηράσκω "grow old" | gérontos) ~old man~ | γηράσκω ~grow old~


a long, pointed weapon | a thrusting pole


Old High German gerot, from Proto-Germanic *geraz (spear) + *harduz (hard, brave)


Greek geron 'old man' + -ikos 'pertaining to'


initial growth | essential component | germ | small growth | early developmental stage | originating from | connected

germs | germy | degerm | germyl | germane | degerms

Latin 'germen' (stem 'germin-') meaning 'sprout, bud, offspring', from the verb 'gerere' meaning 'to bear, carry, bring forth'


A typographic size measurement | a unit of type in printing | a specific point size in typography

germans | Germanly | Germanoid | Germanism | Germanize | Germanist


A chemical element with atomic number 32 | A single atom of the element germanium

germaniums | digermanium | nongermanium | radiogermanium | organogermanium

Named after Germany (from Latin 'Germania')


pertaining to being relevant or connected | relating to something that is closely associated

Germanophone | Germanomania | germanophilia | Germanosphere | Germanophobia | germanomethane

Derived from Latin 'germanus', meaning 'related' or 'of the same family'


erigeron | gerascophobia | geriatric | geriatrics | gerontocracy | gerontology | gerontophile | gerontophilia | gerontophobia | gerontoplast | gerousia | progeria | progeroid | ageratum | Geritol™

γέρων | γέροντος (gérōn | gérontos) ~old man~ | γηράσκω ~grow old~ | Greek gēron (stem geront-) : old man


ovigerous | pupigerous | setigerous | ascigerous | pedigerous | palpigerous

From Latin -gerous, from gerere 'to bear, carry'


Latin gerundivus, from gerere 'to carry, bear'


transport | endure | take | convey | have on | conduct

gests | gested | gestic | dienogest | megestrol | norgestrel


Latin gess-, past participle stem of gerere 'to carry, bear'


steroid hormone | related to progesterone

Greek steros "solid" + hormone "to move/stimulate"


to move hands or arms | to express via gesture

Latin gesticulatus, past participle of gesticulari 'to gesture', frequentative of gestus 'bearing, action'


gestures | gestured | gesturer | gesturers | midgesture | misgesture


gets | beget | getup | reget | unget | forget

Proto-Germanic *getaną "to obtain, get" (from PIE *ghedh- "to unite, be associated")


ageusia | dysgeusia | hypergeusia | hypogeusia | parageusia

Greek γεῦσις (geûsis) | γεύειν (geúein) | γεύεσθαι (geúesthai) | γεῦσις | γευόμενον


Origin uncertain, possibly from Middle English 'gewe' (tool) + '-gaw', or imitative of the sound of tinkling objects; first recorded in the 16th century.


geysers | geysery | geysered | geyseral | geyserite | geysering

from Icelandic geysir, derived from 'gjósa' 'to gush'


having the nature or quality of a ghost | resembling a ghost | terrifying | frightening

Old English 'gāst' (spirit, ghost) + '-ly'


ghettos | ghettoes | ghettoize | nonghetto | ghettoish | ghettoized


ghosts | ghosty | ghostly | ghosted | ghostie | beghost


desert demon | night monster | corpse-eater

ghouls | ghoulie | ghoulish | ghoulies | ghoulishly | unghoulish


giants | giantin | giantly | giantry | giantism | giantess


to speak meaninglessly | rapid unintelligible speech

gibbers | gibbered | gibberer | gibbering | gibberers | gibberbird


gibbets | gibbeted | gibbeting | gibbetlike | gibbetings

Middle English gibbet, from Old French gibet


gibbons | shitgibbon | Shitgibbon | shitgibbons


Latin gibbosus 'hunchbacked, swollen', from gibba 'hump'


gibed | gibes | giber | gibers | gibelike


small piece of meat or offal | trivial detail

From Middle French giblet, diminutive of gibet (game, fowl), from Old French gibier.


Middle English gedig, related to giddiness


Latin 'gif' is not a standard etymon; likely a typo for 'gift' (Germanic) or 'graph' (Greek). However, given 'gif' as a root in English, it is a free morpheme meaning 'gift'.


gigamp | gigaop | gigamps | gigabit | gigaton | gigabel


to laugh lightly | to laugh in a short, repetitive manner

giggles | giggler | gigglers | gigglesome

From Old English 'gigolian' or 'giglian', meaning to laugh or giggle, of imitative origin.


to cover with gold | to brighten | to adorn

gilds | gilder | gilded | gilden | regild | engild

Old English gildan 'to pay, to endow, to gild'


From 'gilt' (covered in gold), from Old English 'gyldan'


gills | gillie | gilled | gillies | gillnet | sixgill

From Old English gill, gela, meaning 'gill', of Germanic origin; related to Dutch kieuwe and German Kieme.


gilts | ungilt | giltwood | gilthead | giltheads | electrogilt

Old English gilt (past participle of gild)


A showy but worthless object | a gimmick | a trinket

From Dutch gimcrak, from gim (a toy) + crak (crack).


gimmicky | gimmicks | gimmickry | ungimmicky | gimmickries | gimmickless

From German 'Gimmick' (a trick or device), likely from Yiddish 'gimik' or German dialect 'Gimmick', of uncertain ultimate origin, possibly related to 'gimmal' (a link in a chain).


A clear, unaged spirit distilled from fermented grains and juniper berries | the base for cocktails | a type of liquor

gins | ginny | ginner | ginned | ginning | ginners


gingery | gingers | gingerly | gingerol | gingered | gingernut

Malay 'jahe' or 'halia' via Middle English/Old French


gingivoplasty | gingivodental | gingivobuccal | gingivolabial | gingivolingual | gingivostomatitis

From Latin 'gingiva' (gum) with the prefix 'in-' (in, on) or 'con-' (together), forming a combining form related to the gums.


Japanese 'ginkgo' (銀杏), from Chinese 'yinxing' (銀杏), literally 'silver apricot', referring to the tree's seeds.


ginkgos | Ginkgoales | Ginkgophyta | ginkgophyte | Ginkgoaceae | ginkgotoxin


From Old English -gennan, -gian, frequentative suffix derived from verbs, indicating repeated or intensive action.


French giraffe, from Italian giraffa, from Arabic zarāfah, of unknown origin


girds | girdle | girded | begird | engird | ungird

Middle English girden, girten : to enclose, to encircle


girly | girls | girlz | girlie | girlish | cowgirl


giros | postgiro | postgiros | girocheque | girocheques


girts | begirt | engirt | ungirt | seagirt

From Old English 'gierdan' meaning 'to gird, encircle, or surround'.


girths | girthy | girthed | digirth | girthly | ungirth

Old English 'gyrt', related to 'gyrdan "to encircle"'


Latin 'gustus' meaning 'taste' or 'sense', from 'gustare' (to taste)


to transfer possession | to hand over | to bestow

given | giver | gives | gived | givee | upgive

Proto-Germanic *gebaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰebʰ- 'to give, offer'


glabrous, glad, glade, glance (ore), glare, glass, glaze, glazier, gleam, glean, glee, glimmer, glimpse, glint, glisten, glitter, gloaming, gloat, gloom, glossy, glow, glum


glabella | glabellar | glabrate | glabrescent | glabrous | glabrous Variant Spellings: glabella (dim. form) | glabella (dim. form)


glacé, glacial, glaciate, glacier, glaciology, glacis


glacials | glacially | deglacial | englacial | subglacial | preglacial


glaciers | glaciered | glacierist | glacierlike | glacierless | glacierized

Middle French 'glacier', from 'glace' (ice)


frozen water | glacial mass | ice formation

glacé | glacial | glaciation | glacier | glacious | glacis | glaciomarine | glaciometer

glaciogenic | glaciokarst | glaciomarine | glaciokarsts | glaciofluvial | glacioaqueous

From Latin glaciēs (genitive glaciēi) meaning 'ice', derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *glaH- 'to shine, be bright'.


glads | gladly | unglad | gladden | gladder | gladful

Old English glæd 'bright, shining, joyful'


clearing in a forest | open space in woods

glades | gladed | sunglade | moonglade | gladelike | sunglades

Old English glæd 'bright, shining' or related to 'glead' (clearing)


Latin gladiator 'swordsman, fighter', from gladius 'sword'


glamours | beglamour | glamoured | englamour | glamourise | glamourize

Middle Scots 'glamour', a phonetic spelling of 'grammar'


glanced | glances | glancer | glanceth | glancers | glancest

Middle English glancen, related to Old French glancier


glands | glandlike | glandless | glandiform | macrogland | macroglands

Latin glandula, diminutive of glans 'acorn'


eglandular | biglandular | glandularly | uniglandular | subglandular | triglandular

Latin glandula 'gland' (diminutive of glans 'acorn')


to look steadfastly | to shine brightly | to emit a strong light

glared | glares | aglare | glareth | glarest | beglare

Middle English 'glaren', possibly related to 'gleam'


From Brythonic *glassu 'green water' or 'deep pool', referring to the River Clyde


transparent | silica-based substance | fragile

glassy | glasses | glassed | glasser | glassen | glassine

From Old English glæs, from Proto-Germanic *glasą, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷl̥h₁- 'to shine, glow'


γλαυκός (glaukós) | γλαυκότης | γλαύξ | γλαῦκος | Greek glaukos : bright blue | bluish gray | gleaming


Greek γλαυκός (glaukós), grey, bluish-grey


nonglaucoma | antiglaucoma | teleglaucoma


Greek glaukos 'blue-grey, shimmering, bright'


glazer | glazed | glazes | glazers | deglaze | reglaze

Middle English 'glazen', related to 'glass'


agleam | gleams | gleamy | gleamed | gleamer | gleaming


to collect | to gather | to extract information

gleans | gleaner | gleaned | gleaners | gleaneth | gleanest

Middle English 'glenen', related to 'glede' (to gather)


gleed | gleek | glees | gleeds | gleeful | gleeman

Middle English 'glee', related to Old Norse 'glí' (brightness/joy)


glial | glioblastoma | glioma | gliosis | microglia | neuroglia | danglia | pastiglia

glially | myoglia | axoglial | glialike | nonglial | panglial


smooth | slippery | fluent | superficial

glibs | glibly | glibness | glibertarian | glibertarians


glider | glided | glides | gliders | glideth | glidest

Old English glīdan 'to slip, glide, move smoothly'


to shine with a flickering or unsteady light | to emit a faint, wavering light


glimpses | glimpsed | glimpser | glimpsers | unglimpsed | foreglimpse

Middle English glimpsen 'to catch a glimpse of'


glints | aglint | glinty | glinted | glinting | glintings

Middle English glinten, related to glisten


French glisser : to slide, to glide Frank


glissades | glissaded | glissader | glissaders


to shine | to sparkle | to reflect light

glistens | glisteny | glistened | beglisten | glistening | glisteneth

Middle English glistenen, from Old English glisnian


to shine with small points of light | sparkling | shimmering

aglitter | glitters | glittery | glittered | beglitter | glittering


to dwell on one's success | to express great satisfaction or pride

gloats | gloater | gloated | gloating | gloaters | gloatings

Middle English gloaten (to delight, to be glad)


global | globate | globe | globose | globosity | globular | globule | globulin | inglobate | glob | globetrotter | hemoglobin


globes | globed | englobe | inglobe | englobes | englobed


globins | cytoglobin | haemoglobin | neuroglobin | cytoglobins | haemoglobins


Latin globulus, diminutive of globus 'ball, sphere'


agglomerate, conglomerate, glomerate, glomerule

Latin glomer- 'ball, cluster', from glomus 'ball of thread'


glomerulopathy | glomerulopenia | glomerulopathic | glomerulosclerosis | glomerulonephrosis

Latin glomerulus, diminutive of glomus 'ball, ball of yarn'


gloomy | glooms | begloom | engloom | gloomth | gloomily

Middle English glome, related to gloom/glum


Latin glōria 'fame, renown', from glōsus 'famous', possibly from Etruscan


beglory | glorying | disglory | foreglory

Latin glōria 'fame, renown, glory', from glōsus 'famous, renowned'


aglossia | anthropoglot | aryepiglottic | diglossia | epiglottis | gloss | glossary | glossophobia | glottis | heterogloss | heteroglossia | idioglossia | isogloss | monoglot | monoglottism | polyglot | polyglottism | glossodynia | glossolalia | glossoptosis

glossy | glosses | glossed | regloss | glosser | isogloss

γλῶσσα (glôssa) | γλωττίς (glōttís)


oral organ | linguistic system | verbal expression


aglossia, anthropoglot, aryepiglottic, diglossia, epiglottis, gloss, glossary, glossophobia, glottis, heterogloss, heteroglossia, idioglossia, isogloss, monoglot, monoglottism, polyglot, polyglottism, glossodynia, glossolalia, glossophobia, glossoptosis

aglossia | diglossia | triglossia | polyglossia | idioglossia | mixoglossia

γλῶσσα (glôssa), γλωττίς (glōttís)


organ for speech | system of communication

diglot | diglots | uniglot | triglot | polyglot | monoglot

γλῶσσα (glôssa) | γλωττίς (glōttís) | < ancient Greek γλῶττα OED


aglossia, anthropoglot, aryepiglottic, diglossia, epiglottis, gloss, glossary, glossophobia, glottis, heterogloss, heteroglossia, idioglossia, isogloss, monoglot, monoglottism, polyglot, polyglottism, glossodynia, glossolalia, glossophobia, glossoptosis

γλῶσσα (glôssa), γλωττίς (glōttís)


aglossia | anthropoglot | aryepiglottic | diglossia | epiglottis | gloss | glossary | glossophobia | glottis | heterogloss | heteroglossia | idioglossia | isogloss | monoglot | monoglottism | polyglot | polyglottism | glossodynia | glossolalia | glossoptosis | glottochronology | glottology

glottocode | glottogenetic | glottogenesis | glottographic | glottochronology | rhinoglottophilia

γλῶσσα (glôssa) | γλωττίς (glōttís) | etymology taken from 'glosso-' | comb. Form OED


gloves | gloved | glover | deglove | glovers | unglove


aglow | glows | glowy | glower | glowed | reglow

Old English glowen "to shine, to be red" (related to glōwan)


glucocorticoid | glucose | glucagon | glucosamine | glucoside | glucosuria | glucogenesis | glucolysis

glucagon | glucocorticoid | glucosamine | glucose | glucoside | glucosuria | glucogenesis | glucolysis

glucose | glucosyl | glucoses | glucoside | glucosides | glucometer

Greek γλυκύς (glukús) | sweet | used as comb. form of Greek γλυκ-ύς sweet ... and of glucose n. OED


glucose, glucagon, glucocorticoid, glucoside, hypoglycemia


gluey | glued | glues | gluer | unglue | englue


deglutition | glut | glutton | gluttonous

gluts | englut | inglut | glutted | engluts | ingluts

Latin glut- (stem of gluttire) 'to swallow'


glutamine | glutamines | glutaminyl | glutathione | glutaminase | glutaminyls

Greek gluta- is not a standard independent morpheme; it likely derives from the Greek root 'glyk-' (sweet) or 'gluk-' (sweet/sticky) via Latin 'glutin-' (glue), but 'gluta-' itself is not a recognized etymological source in standard linguistic databases for English prefixes.


glutinous | sticky | of or pertaining to glutinous substances

glutaryl | glutamate | glutarate | glutamates | glutarates | triglutamate


containing glutaric acid | relating to glutaric acid

Chemistry, Organic compounds, Acid derivatives

From Greek glutār (glue) + -ic, referring to the glue-like properties of glutaric acid derivatives.


glutens | gluteny | glutenin | nongluten | glutenins | antigluten


agglutinant | agglutinate | agglutination | agglutinative | glue | glutelin | gluten | glutinosity | glutinous | nonagglutinative | glutinous Variant Spellings: glue

Latin glutin- 'glue', from glutinare 'to glue'


excessive eating | greed | voraciousness

gluttons | gluttonous | gluttonish | gluttonism | gluttonize | gluttonise

Latin 'gluttire' meaning 'to gulp down, swallow greedily'


glycerose | glyceroses | glycerolipid | glyceroketone | glycerolipids | glycerogenesis


Greek glykys 'sweet' + oros 'fat/substance'


glycogen | glycogenesis | glycogenolysis | glycolipid | glycophyte | glycoprotein | glycoside | glycosidic | hypoglycaemia | glycerol | triglyceride

glycome | glycomes | glycoside | glycoform | glycomics | glycosome

γλυκύς (glukús) | Irregularly used (instead of glycy-) as a combining form of Greek γλυκύς sweet OED


glycols | glycolate | glycollate | glycoluric | glycolates | polyglycol


containing a glycosyl group | glycosylated


aglyphous, anaglyph, ditriglyph, ditriglyphic, glyph, glyptic, Glyptodon, glyptograph, hieroglyph, hieroglyphic, monotriglyph, opisthoglyphous, petroglyph, proteroglyphous, solenoglyphous

glyphs | aglyph | diglyph | aglyphs | diglyphs | geoglyph

γλύφειν (glúphein), γλυφή (gluphḗ), γλυπτός(gluptós), γλυπτικός (gluptikós)


γλυπτός  OED

etymology taken from 'glyptography', n. < Greek γλυπτός carved OED


origin | generate | lineage | category | create | creation | source | development | conceive | emerge

genesis, genetics, progeny, generate, genealogy

nas1 / nas, nat1 / nat / : gen1 / gen, gen2 / gen

Greek gennan 'to produce, beget', from PIE *gene- 'to produce'


agnostic, diagnosis, prognosis, agnostic


gnarly | gnarls | gnarled | gnarling | ungnarled | gnarlsome

Middle English gnarl, from Old Norse gnarr 'knotty wood' or a Germanic base *gnar- 'to twist'


gnashy | gnashes | gnashed | gnasher | gnashing | gnashers

imitative of the sound of grinding teeth


gnats | gnatty | gnatlike | gnatling | gnatworm | gnatwren


γνάθος (gnáthos) | γναθμός | Greek γνάθος (gnáthos) | jaw | Greek gnathos : jaw

/neɪθ/, /neɪθoʊ/, /neɪθəs/ (or /gneɪθəs/)


agnathous | prognathous | epignathous | isognathous | oxygnathous | hypognathous


gnaws | gnawer | gnawed | begnaw | gnawing | gnawers


acquaint, acquaintance, agnition, agnize, cognition, cognitional, cognitive, cognitivity, cognizable, cognizance, cognizant, cognize, cognoscence, cognoscenti, cognoscible, cognovit, connoisseur, ennoble, ennoblement, ignoble, ignorant, ignoscible, incognito, nobiliary, nobilitate, nobilitation, nobility, noble, note, notice, noticeable, notion, notional, notionality, notoriety, notorious, precognition, quaint, reacquaint, recognition, recognize, reconnaissance, reconnoiter, reconnoitre


understand | possess awareness of | information or understanding | lack awareness of | recognize a physical object

gnosis, gnostic, agnostic, gnomic, cognizant

Greek gnō- (stem of gignōskein 'to know')


Italian gnocchi, plural of gnocco 'lump, knot'


Greek gnōmē 'thought, opinion' from gnō- 'to know'


agnostic, prognosis, diagnosis, recognize


understanding | awareness | awareness of prior information | comprehension of abstract concepts

agnostic, diagnosis, prognosis, misogyny

acrognosis | barognosis | morphognosis | cardiognosis

Greek γνῶσις (gnôsis) | inquiry | knowledge | γιγνώσκειν (gignṓskein) | γνῶναι | γνωτός (gnônai | gnōtós) | γνωστός (gnōstós) | γνωστικός (gnōstikós) | γνῶσις (gnôsis) | γνῶσμα | γνώμη (gnôsma | gnṓmē) | γνώμων (gnṓmōn) | gnoscere | Greek


acquaint | acquaintance | agnition | agnize | cognition | cognitional | cognitive | cognitivity | cognizable | cognizance | cognizant | cognize | cognoscence | cognoscenti | cognoscible | cognovit | connoisseur | ennoble | ennoblement | ignoble | ignorant | ignoscible | incognito | nobiliary | nobilitate | nobilitation | nobility | noble | note | notice | noticeable | notion | notional | notionality | notoriety | notorious | precognition | quaint | reacquaint | recognition | recognize | reconnaissance | reconnoiter | reconnoitre

agnostic | gnostics | Gnosticism | nongnostic | neognostic | geognostic


Proto-Germanic *gāaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeh₁- 'to go, step'


goads | goaded | oxgoad | goader | goading | oxgoads

Old English gād 'a stick used for driving cattle'


goals | goaler | subgoal | goalers | nongoal | goalbox


goats | goaty | goatly | goaten | goating | goatish

From Old English 'gāt', from Proto-Germanic '*gazōz', from Proto-Indo-European '*ghaido-'


a lump or mouthful | a sailor | a stiff straw hat

gobs | gobby | gobble | gobful | gobbly | gobbler

From Old English 'gōb', meaning a lump or mouthful


to eat quickly and greedily | to swallow

gobbler | gobbles | gobblers | ungobbled


Old French 'gobelet', diminutive of 'gobe' (cup)


goblins | goblinry | hobgoblin | gobliness | goblinoid | goblindom


A deity | A person of high authority | A figure of significant influence

gods | godly | ungod | Goddy | begod | exgod

From Proto-Germanic *ǥōdaz, meaning 'god' or 'divine being'.


to descend | to move downward | to decrease

Middle English 'godown' from 'go' + 'down'


derived from the verb 'go' + agentive suffix '-er'


to stare | to look intently | eyewear for protection

goggles | goggled | goggler | gogglers | agoggled | gogglebox


goiter, goitrous, goitrectomy, goitrogen

French goitre, from Greek goitros 'throat'


goldy | golds | golden | Goldie | digold | goldie


a field of gold | a place where gold is found

Compound of 'gold' (Old English gold) and 'field' (Old English feld)


golfy | golfer | golfed | golfers | nongolf | golfese

From Dutch 'kolven' or 'kolf', meaning 'to strike with a club' or 'club'.


a figure with the number of angles specified by th

a shape whose angle count is indicated by the preceding element | a polygon defined by the number of angles determined by the root

gons | digon | bigon | trigon | isogon | digons

-γων-ος  OED


gonopod | gonocyte | gonopods | gonosome | gonopore | gonotheca


gonads | gonadal | gonadic | gonadally | eugonadal | gonadless


Latin 'gondola' (diminutive of 'unda' wave) or Venetian 'gondola'


goner | bygone | goners | ungone | bygones | goneski


gongs | gonged | gonging | gongpit | gonglike | gongpits

Emotion, Social interaction, Chinese loanword

From Mandarin gōngxǐ (恭喜), meaning 'to congratulate', derived from gōng (congratulate) and xǐ (joy/happy).


corner, angle, knee, birth, type, origin, seed

polygon, trigonometry, pentagon, gynecology

goniolens | goniotome | gonioscopy | goniometer | goniometry | gonioscope

γωνία (gōnía), γόνυ (gónu)


the manner of coming into being of what is denoted

the process of origin and/or the analysis of beginnings | to create

gonys | geogony | merogony | telegony | gamogony | monogony

< ancient Greek -γονία, combining form ... of γονία reproduction, begetting OED


excellent | beneficial | virtuous | pleasant

goods | goodo | goody | agood | goodly | goodie

Proto-Germanic *gōdaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ghedʰ- 'to join, unite'


a foolish or silly person | a dull-witted individual

goons | goony | goonish | goonlike | goonishness

Middle English 'gome' (man) + suffix '-on', originally meaning 'man' or 'fellow', later evolving to denote a foolish or contemptible person.